History Midterm 2025 Flashcards
CH 2:
Know the 3 types of colonies and be able to describe them.
Charter colonies, Proprietary colonies, and Royal Colonies.
* Royal Colonies were controlled by the king, and the Governor had most of the power resulting in conflict with the colonists.
* Proprietary colonies were territories granted by the king and the colonists played a role in creating laws and electing new governors.
* Charter colonies were established by a group of settlers that have been granted a charter allowing them to settle. Governors could only be elected by property owners and laws were made by elected individuals that represented the colonies.
CH 2:
Joint stock company
Corporations where groups of
Englishmen pooled money and allowed others to buy shares of stock
CH 2:
Puritans
Members of the Anglican Church who hoped to purify it of Roman Catholic practices and ceremonies
CH 2:
Mayflower Compact
Agreement the Pilgrims made for
establishing the first self-government in the New World
CH 2:
Charter colony
Colonies governed by a charter granted
by the king to joint-stock companies
CH 2:
Separatists
Group that chose to separate themselves from the Anglican Church and hold their own worship
services
CH 2:
Proprietary Colony
Colonies given by the king to
individuals or groups
CH 2:
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
First written constitution in America.
CH 2:
Mercantilism
Economic system that measured wealth by how much gold and silver a nation possessed
CH 3:
Understand how slave families looked different from other families.
Slave families were under harsh rules enforced by their masters. Slave families were also always put to work as soon as they were physically capable. They also had to ask other slaves if they were related in a way because they didn’t know much about their old family heritage. On the other hand colonial families had many more rights, were treated way better, and colonial children got an education and did not have to be put to physical labor at a young age.
CH 3:
Indentured servants
Individuals who gained passage to America in return for four to seven years labor upon arrival in the colonies
CH 3:
Apprenticeships
System used to teach trades to boys who
could not go to college.
CH 4:
Know the key leaders and impact of the Great Awakening.
- Key leaders- Johnathon Edwards of new England, George Whitefield from England and Samuel Davies in the South.
- One impact of the Great awakening was higher education from the establishment of colleges and universities, many of these colleges taught biblical teachings that taught pastors and missionaries, some of these colleges are the college of New Jersey and Kings college. Another impact is how the Great Awakening is how many people were converted to Christianity because of the new pastors and missionaries spreading the Gospel. An example of this is Samuel Davies who rode around the South preaching to slaves.
CH 4:
Great Awakening
A powerful spiritual revival that swept
through the colonies beginning in the 1720s
CH 4:
Deism
Philosophy that believed the Bible needed to be tested by human reason
CH 5:
Understand the acts and events that led to greater conflict between the colonies and Great Britain after the French and Indian War.
The reason the British ended the “Era of Salutary Neglect “ after the French and the Indian War was because Britain had no king from the Revolution, this gave the colonists a lot more power and freedom, but at the end of the seven years war Britain thought the colonies had too much freedom and they needed to limit the freedom so after the war Britain tightened its control on the American colonies by adding more trade regulations and taxes. This led to even more tension between the British and the American colonies. Another reason for more taxes is that because Britain was about to go bankrupt from the war, they needed more income resulting in a huge tax increase.
CH 5:
Sons of Liberty
Groups of colonists who organized rallies to protest the Stamp Act
CH 5:
Minutemen
Colonial militiamen who were ready to fight at any time
CH 5:
Boston Massacre
Outbreak of violence between colonists and British troops resulting in 5 deaths
CH 5:
Concord
Village where fighting continued shortly after the fighting in Lexington in 1775.
CH 5:
Stamp Act
Required businessmen and
lawyers to purchase special stamps and place them on items like documents, newspapers, and playing cards.
CH 5:
Lexington
Town in Massachusetts where the first shots of the War for Independence were fired
CH 6:
Saratoga
Battle resulting in a significant Patriot victory; a major turning point of the War for Independence
CH 6:
Common Sense
Influential pamphlet written by Thomas
Paine making a case for separation from Britain
CH 6:
Yorktown
Formal surrender of British General
Cornwallis’s army, essentially ending the War for Independence
CH 6:
Bunker Hill
Battle on Breed’s Hill resulting in a costly British victory
CH 7:
Unicameral system
Government system consisting of one legislative house.
CH 7:
Suffrage
The right to vote
CH 7:
Ratify
Formally Approve
CH 7:
bicameral system
Government system consisting of 2 legislative houses.
CH 7:
federal system
Division of the government’s powers
between the national government and the states
CH 7:
Anti Federalists
fought ratification of constitution
CH 7:
preamble
The introduction to the Constitution
CH 7:
land ordinance of 1785
Provided for the surveying and
sale of the Northwest Territory
CH 7:
republic
A government that elected representatives to govern the people
CH 7:
Senate
The upper house of Congress with each state represented by two senators
CH 7:
Federalists
Favored adoption of the Constitution.
CH 7:
Veto
President’s power to return a bill passed by Congress, stating his objections
CH 7:
Separation of powers
Principle attempting to ensure that
no branch of the government has too much power
CH 7:
Electoral College
Body established by the Constitution to
elect the president
