Hist CH 8 Test Flashcards
What led to conflict in Washington’s cabinet during his presidency?
Some conflict in Washingtons cabinet came from Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. They had complete different visions for how the nation should be ran, like the argument of whether a National bank was necessary.
Contrast the beliefs of the Federalists and Democratic Republicans, and know where there stood on Hamiltons financial plan, and what they did to compromise.
Federalists supported a strong central government and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Democratic-Republicans favored states’ rights and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Federalists generally supported Hamiltons plan, while Democratic-Republicans opposed it. They agreed to the location of the nation’s capital in exchange for support of Hamilton’s Financial Plan.
compare and contrast Shays Rebellion with the Whiskey Rebellion, and why they were significant.
Shays Rebellion was a revolt by farmers in 1786-1787 protesting economic injustices. Whiskey Rebellion was a 1794 uprising against the federal excise tax on whiskey. They compared in Significance because both highlighted the tensions between federal authority and citizen authority
What foreign issues did the new country face?
The new country faced challenges such as conflicts with Native Americans and tensions with European powers.
What are the three major recommendations Washington made in his Farewell Address?
Avoid splitting into different political parties, keep the states united, and avoid getting into permanent alliances
What is the significance of the XYZ Affair, and what are the Alien and Sedition acts?
The X,Y, Z affair led to an undeclared war with France and increased tensions between the U.S. and France. The Alien and Sedition acts were laws passed in 1798 that imprisoned anyone who wrote or spoke wrong about the government, also violated freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison?
It established the principle of judicial review, enhancing the power of the Supreme Court.
Inauguration
Formal ceremony starting a president’s term
Cabinet
A president’s group of advisers
Tarriff
A tax on imported goods
Excise tax
Tax paid on the manufacture or sale of certain goods and services within a country
National bank
A place to hold tax revenue and to handle the nation’s financial dealings
Federalist party
Political party led by Alexander
Hamilton; believed in a strong central government
Democratic Republican party
Political party led by Thomas Jefferson; believed in stronger state governments
John Jay
Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris in 1783 and was one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, as the first chief justice.
Fallen Timbers
Battle near modern-day Toledo, Ohio,
where Anthony Wayne’s force defeated a band of Indians who were then forced to abandon their claim to about half of Ohio
Proclamation of Neutrality
President Washington’s declaration that the United States would pursue a policy
of friendliness toward both France and Britain and would not involve itself in their conflict
Edmond-Charles Genet
French ambassador who encouraged Americans to support his country of France.
Jay treaty
Unpopular treaty by John Jay in which the United States agreed to limit trade with France and to arrange payment of debts still owed to British banks and
citizens from before the War for Independence;
John Adams
had served as Washington’s
vice president for eight years, as their presidential candidate.
X, Y, Z affair
Named for the three French agents who
demanded a bribe in order to negotiate with the United States
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Response to the Alien and Sedition Acts; resolutions claiming that the states should be allowed to decide whether
actions of the federal government are constitutional
Nullification
State’s act of declaring void any federal law
John Marshall
served as chief justice for thirty-four
years
midnight Judges
Dozens of judges appointed to office
by John Adams the night before he left office
Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court ruling establishing
the principle of judicial review
Judicial Review
The right of the Supreme Court to declare a law passed by Congress as unconstitutional
