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micropara lec > HISTORY MICRO PARA > Flashcards

HISTORY MICRO PARA Flashcards

1
Q

English scientist, honeycomb cavities or cells or little boxes that resembling monastery cells-cell walls of dead cells.

A

Robert hooke

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2
Q

in what year that Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope?

A

1665

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3
Q

he is a Dutch merchant and scientist that discovered more than 400 microscope and only 9 remaining, he also the first person who see tiny living organism in a drop of water

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

what do you call to the term that Anton Van Leeuwenhoek use foe bacteria, protozoa, sperm and other small animals?

A

animalcules

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5
Q

it is a life can arise from nonliving matter

A

Spontaneous Generation

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6
Q

he is the one of the earliest scholars to articulate the theory of Spontaneous Generation.

A

Aristotle

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7
Q

he is an Italian physician that performed an experiment in 1668 to refute spontaneous generation

A

Francesco Redi

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8
Q

according to Francesco Redi it is not a products of spontaneous generation

A

maggots

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9
Q

he tried to prove spontaneous generation

A

John Needham

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10
Q

John Needham argued that microbes arose spontaneously in broth from a?

A

life force

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11
Q

he boiled flask of gravy to kill life, sealed one jar, left other jar open and open jar had living microorganisms, sealed jar did not, gravy did not produce life organisms entered through the air. he also disproving John Needham about the spontaneous generation.

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

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12
Q

it postulates the production of new living organisms from pre-existing life. and it is based on the theory that life can only come from life and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to other lifeforms.

A

Biogenesis Theory

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13
Q

in what year that Rudolf Virchow come up with the hypothesis of biogenesis theory which it could not experimentally prove it.

A

1858

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14
Q

he is a polish-born and German scientist. and according to him the second tenet of modern cell theory is “omnis cellula e cellula” which means all cells come from cells.

A

Rudolf Virchow

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15
Q

in what year did Rudolf Virchow popularized the cell theory essay, and what is the title of the essay he popularized?

A

1855, Cellular Pathology

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16
Q

he is a French chemist who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

A

Louis Pasteur

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17
Q

in what year did louis Pasteur filtered air through a gun-cotton filter.

A

1858

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18
Q

is a heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.

A

Pasteurization

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19
Q

it is a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically.

A

fermentation

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20
Q

it is a certain diseases that caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms.

A

Germ Theory

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21
Q

propose miasma theory

A

Ancient greek

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22
Q

ancient greek

A

propose miasma theory

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23
Q

1546, Fracastoro begins what?

A

begins early version of germ theory

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24
Q

fracastoro begins early version of germ theory in what year?

A

1546

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25
Q

Hooke in 1665

A

he observes cork cells under a microscope

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26
Q

he observes cork cells under a microscope

A

Robert Hooke in 1665

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27
Q

He observes single celled organisms

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674

27
Q

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 observes what?

A

he observes single celled organisms

28
Q

in 1847, semmelweis demonstrates?

A

he demonstrates that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections

29
Q

who demonstrate that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections and in what year?

A

Semmelweis in 1847

30
Q

in 1854 snow demonstrates?

A

he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water

31
Q

he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water

A

Snow in 1854

32
Q

in 1856 Louis Pasteur discovers?

A

he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine.

33
Q

he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine and in what year?

A

Louis Pasteur in 1856

34
Q

in 1862, Pasteur disproves?

A

he disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment

35
Q

who disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment?

A

Louis Pasteur in 1862

36
Q

in 1867 Lister use?

A

he begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery

37
Q

who begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery, in what year?

A

Lister in 1867

38
Q

1876-1906 Koch and his workers determines?

A

Koch and his workers determine causative agents for many bacterial infection

39
Q

he is a German Physician who first prove that bacteria can caused disease?

A

Rober Koch

40
Q

in what year that Koch proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps.

A

1876

41
Q

it is bacteria that causes anthrax

A

bacillus anthacis

42
Q

it is to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease

A

Koch’s postulates that

43
Q

he is a British Physician, who demonstrated that the protective cowpox could be effectively inoculated from person to person not just directly from cattle and he discovers small pox vaccine “vacca” means cow

A

Edward Jenner

44
Q

it is the Chinese practice that known as the fist vaccine in 15th century

A

Nasal Insufflation

45
Q

treatment of disease by using chemical substances

A

Chemotherapy

46
Q

chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that act against other microorganisms.

A

Antibiotics

47
Q

chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

A

Synthetic Drugs

48
Q

a component of the bark of the cinchona
(quina-quina) tree, was used to treat
malaria from as early as the 1600s

A

quinine

49
Q

German physician and scientist who discovered salvarsan 606

A

Paul Ehrlich

50
Q

he called it the “magic
bullet” because it homed in on and
destroyed the harmful bacteria that
causes syphilis in what year

A

Salvarsan 606(arsenic derivative) in year 1910

51
Q

Scottish physician and
microbiologist who discovered penicillin from penicillium notatum

A

Alexander Fleming

52
Q

it is the first true antibiotic

A

Penicillin

53
Q

new pathogenic bacteria discovered

A

Bacteriology.

54
Q

Heide Schulz discovered the largest bacterium

A

1997

55
Q

what is the largest bacterium

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

56
Q

agricultural and ecological, including medical – diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection (10% hospital-acquired
infections)

A

mycology

57
Q

infestations among immunosuppressed patients (organ transplants, cancer
therapy, or AIDS)

A

Parasitology

58
Q

vaccine availability, in what year discovery of interferons

A

immunology, 1960

59
Q

released by cells infected
with avirus, leukocytes, and other
immune cells. To limit the infection,
responses of cells to interferon include
inhibition of protein synthesis, activation
of immune cells, etc.

A

interferons

60
Q

relationship between genes and
enzymes

A

George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum

61
Q

DNA as hereditary material

A

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

62
Q

Genetic material could be transferred from
one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation.

A

Joshua Lederbergand Edward L. Tatum

63
Q

James Watson and Francis Crick (1950s)

A

structure and replication of DNA

64
Q
A

micropara lec (5 decks)

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