HISTORY MICRO PARA

Question 1

English scientist, honeycomb cavities or cells or little boxes that resembling monastery cells-cell walls of dead cells.

Answer 1

Robert hooke

Question 2

in what year that Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope?

Answer 2

1665

Question 3

he is a Dutch merchant and scientist that discovered more than 400 microscope and only 9 remaining, he also the first person who see tiny living organism in a drop of water

Answer 3

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

what do you call to the term that Anton Van Leeuwenhoek use foe bacteria, protozoa, sperm and other small animals?

Answer 4

animalcules

Question 5

it is a life can arise from nonliving matter

Answer 5

Spontaneous Generation

Question 6

he is the one of the earliest scholars to articulate the theory of Spontaneous Generation.

Answer 6

Aristotle

Question 7

he is an Italian physician that performed an experiment in 1668 to refute spontaneous generation

Answer 7

Francesco Redi

Question 8

according to Francesco Redi it is not a products of spontaneous generation

Answer 8

maggots

Question 9

he tried to prove spontaneous generation

Answer 9

John Needham

Question 10

John Needham argued that microbes arose spontaneously in broth from a?

Answer 10

life force

Question 11

he boiled flask of gravy to kill life, sealed one jar, left other jar open and open jar had living microorganisms, sealed jar did not, gravy did not produce life organisms entered through the air. he also disproving John Needham about the spontaneous generation.

Answer 11

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 12

it postulates the production of new living organisms from pre-existing life. and it is based on the theory that life can only come from life and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to other lifeforms.

Answer 12

Biogenesis Theory

Question 13

in what year that Rudolf Virchow come up with the hypothesis of biogenesis theory which it could not experimentally prove it.

Answer 13

1858

Question 14

he is a polish-born and German scientist. and according to him the second tenet of modern cell theory is “omnis cellula e cellula” which means all cells come from cells.

Answer 14

Rudolf Virchow

Question 15

in what year did Rudolf Virchow popularized the cell theory essay, and what is the title of the essay he popularized?

Answer 15

1855, Cellular Pathology

Question 16

he is a French chemist who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.

Answer 16

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

in what year did louis Pasteur filtered air through a gun-cotton filter.

Answer 17

1858

Question 18

is a heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.

Answer 18

Pasteurization

Question 19

it is a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically.

Answer 19

fermentation

Question 20

it is a certain diseases that caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms.

Answer 20

Germ Theory

Question 21

propose miasma theory

Answer 21

Ancient greek

Question 22

ancient greek

Answer 22

propose miasma theory

Question 23

1546, Fracastoro begins what?

Answer 23

begins early version of germ theory

Question 24

fracastoro begins early version of germ theory in what year?

Answer 24

1546

Question 25

Hooke in 1665

Answer 25

he observes cork cells under a microscope

Question 26

he observes cork cells under a microscope

Answer 26

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 27

He observes single celled organisms

Answer 27

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674

Question 27

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 observes what?

Answer 27

he observes single celled organisms

Question 28

in 1847, semmelweis demonstrates?

Answer 28

he demonstrates that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections

Question 29

who demonstrate that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections and in what year?

Answer 29

Semmelweis in 1847

Question 30

in 1854 snow demonstrates?

Answer 30

he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water

Question 31

he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water

Answer 31

Snow in 1854

Question 32

in 1856 Louis Pasteur discovers?

Answer 32

he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine.

Question 33

he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine and in what year?

Answer 33

Louis Pasteur in 1856

Question 34

in 1862, Pasteur disproves?

Answer 34

he disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment

Question 35

who disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment?

Answer 35

Louis Pasteur in 1862

Question 36

in 1867 Lister use?

Answer 36

he begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery

Question 37

who begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery, in what year?

Answer 37

Lister in 1867

Question 38

1876-1906 Koch and his workers determines?

Answer 38

Koch and his workers determine causative agents for many bacterial infection

Question 39

he is a German Physician who first prove that bacteria can caused disease?

Answer 39

Rober Koch

Question 40

in what year that Koch proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps.

Answer 40

1876

Question 41

it is bacteria that causes anthrax

Answer 41

bacillus anthacis

Question 42

it is to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease

Answer 42

Koch's postulates that

Question 43

he is a British Physician, who demonstrated that the protective cowpox could be effectively inoculated from person to person not just directly from cattle and he discovers small pox vaccine "vacca" means cow

Answer 43

Edward Jenner

Question 44

it is the Chinese practice that known as the fist vaccine in 15th century

Answer 44

Nasal Insufflation

Question 45

treatment of disease by using chemical substances

Answer 45

Chemotherapy

Question 46

chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that act against other microorganisms.

Answer 46

Antibiotics

Question 47

chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

Answer 47

Synthetic Drugs

Question 48

a component of the bark of the cinchona (quina-quina) tree, was used to treat malaria from as early as the 1600s

Answer 48

quinine

Question 49

German physician and scientist who discovered salvarsan 606

Answer 49

Paul Ehrlich

Question 50

he called it the “magic bullet” because it homed in on and destroyed the harmful bacteria that causes syphilis in what year

Answer 50

Salvarsan 606(arsenic derivative) in year 1910

Question 51

Scottish physician and microbiologist who discovered penicillin from penicillium notatum

Answer 51

Alexander Fleming

Question 52

it is the first true antibiotic

Answer 52

Penicillin

Question 53

new pathogenic bacteria discovered

Answer 53

Bacteriology.

Question 54

Heide Schulz discovered the largest bacterium

Answer 54

1997

Question 55

what is the largest bacterium

Answer 55

Thiomargarita namibiensis

Question 56

agricultural and ecological, including medical – diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection (10% hospital-acquired infections)

Answer 56

mycology

Question 57

infestations among immunosuppressed patients (organ transplants, cancer therapy, or AIDS)

Answer 57

Parasitology

Question 58

vaccine availability, in what year discovery of interferons

Answer 58

immunology, 1960

Question 59

released by cells infected with avirus, leukocytes, and other immune cells. To limit the infection, responses of cells to interferon include inhibition of protein synthesis, activation of immune cells, etc.

Answer 59

interferons

Question 60

relationship between genes and enzymes

Answer 60

George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum

Question 61

DNA as hereditary material

Answer 61

Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty

Question 62

Genetic material could be transferred from one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation.

Answer 62

Joshua Lederbergand Edward L. Tatum

Question 63

James Watson and Francis Crick (1950s)

Answer 63

structure and replication of DNA