HISTORY MICRO PARA Flashcards
English scientist, honeycomb cavities or cells or little boxes that resembling monastery cells-cell walls of dead cells.
Robert hooke
in what year that Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork through a microscope?
1665
he is a Dutch merchant and scientist that discovered more than 400 microscope and only 9 remaining, he also the first person who see tiny living organism in a drop of water
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
what do you call to the term that Anton Van Leeuwenhoek use foe bacteria, protozoa, sperm and other small animals?
animalcules
it is a life can arise from nonliving matter
Spontaneous Generation
he is the one of the earliest scholars to articulate the theory of Spontaneous Generation.
Aristotle
he is an Italian physician that performed an experiment in 1668 to refute spontaneous generation
Francesco Redi
according to Francesco Redi it is not a products of spontaneous generation
maggots
he tried to prove spontaneous generation
John Needham
John Needham argued that microbes arose spontaneously in broth from a?
life force
he boiled flask of gravy to kill life, sealed one jar, left other jar open and open jar had living microorganisms, sealed jar did not, gravy did not produce life organisms entered through the air. he also disproving John Needham about the spontaneous generation.
Lazzaro Spallanzani
it postulates the production of new living organisms from pre-existing life. and it is based on the theory that life can only come from life and it refers to any process by which a lifeform can give rise to other lifeforms.
Biogenesis Theory
in what year that Rudolf Virchow come up with the hypothesis of biogenesis theory which it could not experimentally prove it.
1858
he is a polish-born and German scientist. and according to him the second tenet of modern cell theory is “omnis cellula e cellula” which means all cells come from cells.
Rudolf Virchow
in what year did Rudolf Virchow popularized the cell theory essay, and what is the title of the essay he popularized?
1855, Cellular Pathology
he is a French chemist who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur
in what year did louis Pasteur filtered air through a gun-cotton filter.
1858
is a heat-treatment process that destroys pathogenic microorganisms in certain foods and beverages.
Pasteurization
it is a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically.
fermentation
it is a certain diseases that caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms.
Germ Theory
propose miasma theory
Ancient greek
ancient greek
propose miasma theory
1546, Fracastoro begins what?
begins early version of germ theory
fracastoro begins early version of germ theory in what year?
1546
Hooke in 1665
he observes cork cells under a microscope
he observes cork cells under a microscope
Robert Hooke in 1665
He observes single celled organisms
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek in 1674 observes what?
he observes single celled organisms
in 1847, semmelweis demonstrates?
he demonstrates that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections
who demonstrate that hand hygiene reduces puerperal infections and in what year?
Semmelweis in 1847
in 1854 snow demonstrates?
he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water
he demonstrates that cholera bacteria were transmitted in contaminated drinking water
Snow in 1854
in 1856 Louis Pasteur discovers?
he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine.
he discovers microbial fermentation while studying the cause of spoilage in beer and wine and in what year?
Louis Pasteur in 1856
in 1862, Pasteur disproves?
he disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment
who disproves spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment?
Louis Pasteur in 1862
in 1867 Lister use?
he begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery
who begins using carbolic acid as disinfectant after surgery, in what year?
Lister in 1867
1876-1906 Koch and his workers determines?
Koch and his workers determine causative agents for many bacterial infection
he is a German Physician who first prove that bacteria can caused disease?
Rober Koch
in what year that Koch proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps.
1876
it is bacteria that causes anthrax
bacillus anthacis
it is to prove that a specific microbe causes a specific disease
Koch’s postulates that
he is a British Physician, who demonstrated that the protective cowpox could be effectively inoculated from person to person not just directly from cattle and he discovers small pox vaccine “vacca” means cow
Edward Jenner
it is the Chinese practice that known as the fist vaccine in 15th century
Nasal Insufflation
treatment of disease by using chemical substances
Chemotherapy
chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that act against other microorganisms.
Antibiotics
chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory
Synthetic Drugs
a component of the bark of the cinchona
(quina-quina) tree, was used to treat
malaria from as early as the 1600s
quinine
German physician and scientist who discovered salvarsan 606
Paul Ehrlich
he called it the “magic
bullet” because it homed in on and
destroyed the harmful bacteria that
causes syphilis in what year
Salvarsan 606(arsenic derivative) in year 1910
Scottish physician and
microbiologist who discovered penicillin from penicillium notatum
Alexander Fleming
it is the first true antibiotic
Penicillin
new pathogenic bacteria discovered
Bacteriology.
Heide Schulz discovered the largest bacterium
1997
what is the largest bacterium
Thiomargarita namibiensis
agricultural and ecological, including medical – diagnosis and treatment of fungal infection (10% hospital-acquired
infections)
mycology
infestations among immunosuppressed patients (organ transplants, cancer
therapy, or AIDS)
Parasitology
vaccine availability, in what year discovery of interferons
immunology, 1960
released by cells infected
with avirus, leukocytes, and other
immune cells. To limit the infection,
responses of cells to interferon include
inhibition of protein synthesis, activation
of immune cells, etc.
interferons
relationship between genes and
enzymes
George W. Beadle and Edward L. Tatum
DNA as hereditary material
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
Genetic material could be transferred from
one bacterium to another by a process called conjugation.
Joshua Lederbergand Edward L. Tatum
James Watson and Francis Crick (1950s)
structure and replication of DNA
