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history:medicine through time Flashcards

1
Q

what did William Harvey believe about veins?

A

carry blood only, rather than a mixture of blood and air

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2
Q

what did Harvey base his work around?

A

physiology-he the body functions rather than the causes of diesease

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3
Q

what did physicians not carry out?

A

dissections

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4
Q

what did harveys book explain?

A

his experiments and explaining how the heart works as a pump of circulating blood around the body

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5
Q

what did Harvey believe about blood?

A

wasn’t constantly made by liver but the heart repeatedly pumped it around the body like a circuit

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6
Q

what were harveys disadvantages?

A

people often wrote books against him,it took over 50 years for people to accept his idea.

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7
Q

what did doctors believe?

A

galens ideas about the 4 humors, miasma, and supernatural vauses

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8
Q

why did harveys ideas have limited impact?

A

people didn’t believe him because of lack of technology and microscopes so people couldnt prove his theory was correct.

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9
Q

what changes from the middle ages to the 19th century?

A

organisation and clean water supplies and systems

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10
Q

what other things did Harvey suggest about blood?

A

that it must go through blood vessels in order to move from the arterys to the veins

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11
Q

what book did Harvey publish

A

anatomical account o the motion of the heart and blood in animals

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12
Q

what are inoculations?

A

same virus to make someone immune, unlike vaccinations as they only use a small dose of the disease.

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13
Q

what happened in 1848 for chadwick?

A

the government introduced the public health act, and a official health board and a medical officer.

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14
Q

what diseases were common in the 19th century?

A

thypoid
smallpox
cholera
tb

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15
Q

what were existing beliefs about cholera in the 19th century?

A

caused by miasma and the spontaneous generation

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16
Q

what did chadwicks report on sanitary conditions include?

A

cheaper if local taxes were used to improve hygiene and housing

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17
Q

what did louis Pasteur do?

A

he developed vaccinations to prevent chicken cholera and rabies and anthrax

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18
Q

what did pasteur fins?

A

there was a missing link in medicine, he found a key which would unlock medical discoveries related to germs

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19
Q

what was louis Pasteur’s profession?

A

scientist (not a doctor)

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20
Q

what was Pasteur forced to do?

A

conduct public experiments to show the scientific community that he was correct

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21
Q

why did pasteurs work fail?

A

he couldn’t find the one specific germ that caused the dieseases

22
Q

what were Robert kocks limitations?

A

he needed pasteurs theory
he couldn’t always develop working vaccinations
he couldn’t create the magic bullet

23
Q

what did kock need for his work?

A

he needed the work of Pasteur who discovered germs

24
Q

what did kock create a vaccination for?

25
who did kock mainly inspire?
microbe hunters
26
what good thing happened in 1840 for Edward jenner?
the vaccination act was introduced, the public were encouraged to be vaccinated, in 1853 vaccinations were then made compulsory
27
what did edward jenner do?
created a vaccination for smallpox
28
who did jenner inspire to follow on with vaccinations?
louis Pasteur and Robert koch
29
why did jenners ideas have limited impact?
``` no knowledge on germs and microbes no inoculations church didn't approve of his ideas only a small country doctor anti vaccine society was set up ```
30
what microbes did jenner discover?
the ones that caused septicimia and anthrax and tb
31
what were the main 19th century public heath problems?
``` over crowding miasma pollution spreading of germs vermin dampness no fresh or clean water ```
32
what impact did the royal society have on medical training in the middle ages?
they committed to showing experiments, and gave money to scientist to driver medical knowledge forward
33
what did versalius believe about the body?
jawbone was one piece no holes in septum breastbone has 3 parts liver has no lobes
34
what did galen believe about the body?
jawbone had 2 parts hole in heart to transport blood breastbone had 7 parts liver has 5 lobes
35
who was versalius?
medical megastar | found out about atanomy
36
what did the church teach on supernatural thins in the middle ages?
galens ideas 4 humours herbal remedies
37
what did middle ages government think about public health?
wasn't their responsibility | didn't take much care in fixing it
38
what were negative aspects of middle age public health?
water had bad taste water was contaminated waste attracted vermin no clean water access in public places
39
what positive aspects of public health in the middle ages?
``` high standard cleanliness separate toilets water supply to housing fresh water supply stewes to keep water clean ```
40
what did people in medieval times believe caused disease?
miasma imbalance of the 4 humours punishments from gods
41
what impact did the church have on training doctors?
doctors trained by books kept by the church | a lot of medical libraries in hospitals
42
what was the printing process?
drawings on fabric of the human body, showed in detail how it worked
43
what treatments were used in the middle ages?
``` urine charts astrology village healers herbal remedies hospitals were built ```
44
what impact did rome have on middle age public health?
funded water works encouraged galens findings left medical knowledge
45
middle ages impacts on medical treatment?
lack of interest | war bought back useful medical knowledge
46
why is galen important?
for over 1500 years his studies led to doctors to carry out disections and it allowed people to find cured and more about disease and illness
47
who was galen?
doctor of thr roman emperor studies illness and wrote down symptoms for certain illnesses carried out disections #found out about 4 humours
48
what did romans do to try and prevent illness?
temples to take patient to pray to gosds for forgivness which wre away from bad ar and waste
49
what are the 4 humours?
phlegm black bile yellow bile blood
50
what did the collapse of the roman empire lead too?
public health systems were destroyed books were dismantled didn't educate about galen
51
what did romans do to prevent eperdermics in overcrowded streets?
public toilets sewages fresh water systems aquaducts

gcse revision (8 decks)

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