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gcse revision > history:medicine through time > Flashcards

history:medicine through time Flashcards

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1
Q

what did William Harvey believe about veins?

A

carry blood only, rather than a mixture of blood and air

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2
Q

what did Harvey base his work around?

A

physiology-he the body functions rather than the causes of diesease

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3
Q

what did physicians not carry out?

A

dissections

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4
Q

what did harveys book explain?

A

his experiments and explaining how the heart works as a pump of circulating blood around the body

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5
Q

what did Harvey believe about blood?

A

wasn’t constantly made by liver but the heart repeatedly pumped it around the body like a circuit

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6
Q

what were harveys disadvantages?

A

people often wrote books against him,it took over 50 years for people to accept his idea.

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7
Q

what did doctors believe?

A

galens ideas about the 4 humors, miasma, and supernatural vauses

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8
Q

why did harveys ideas have limited impact?

A

people didn’t believe him because of lack of technology and microscopes so people couldnt prove his theory was correct.

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9
Q

what changes from the middle ages to the 19th century?

A

organisation and clean water supplies and systems

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10
Q

what other things did Harvey suggest about blood?

A

that it must go through blood vessels in order to move from the arterys to the veins

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11
Q

what book did Harvey publish

A

anatomical account o the motion of the heart and blood in animals

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12
Q

what are inoculations?

A

same virus to make someone immune, unlike vaccinations as they only use a small dose of the disease.

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13
Q

what happened in 1848 for chadwick?

A

the government introduced the public health act, and a official health board and a medical officer.

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14
Q

what diseases were common in the 19th century?

A

thypoid
smallpox
cholera
tb

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15
Q

what were existing beliefs about cholera in the 19th century?

A

caused by miasma and the spontaneous generation

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16
Q

what did chadwicks report on sanitary conditions include?

A

cheaper if local taxes were used to improve hygiene and housing

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17
Q

what did louis Pasteur do?

A

he developed vaccinations to prevent chicken cholera and rabies and anthrax

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18
Q

what did pasteur fins?

A

there was a missing link in medicine, he found a key which would unlock medical discoveries related to germs

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19
Q

what was louis Pasteur’s profession?

A

scientist (not a doctor)

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20
Q

what was Pasteur forced to do?

A

conduct public experiments to show the scientific community that he was correct

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21
Q

why did pasteurs work fail?

A

he couldn’t find the one specific germ that caused the dieseases

22
Q

what were Robert kocks limitations?

A

he needed pasteurs theory
he couldn’t always develop working vaccinations
he couldn’t create the magic bullet

23
Q

what did kock need for his work?

A

he needed the work of Pasteur who discovered germs

24
Q

what did kock create a vaccination for?

A

tb

25
Q

who did kock mainly inspire?

A

microbe hunters

26
Q

what good thing happened in 1840 for Edward jenner?

A

the vaccination act was introduced, the public were encouraged to be vaccinated, in 1853 vaccinations were then made compulsory

27
Q

what did edward jenner do?

A

created a vaccination for smallpox

28
Q

who did jenner inspire to follow on with vaccinations?

A

louis Pasteur and Robert koch

29
Q

why did jenners ideas have limited impact?

A 
no knowledge on germs and microbes
no inoculations
church didn't approve of his ideas
only a small country doctor
anti vaccine society was set up
30
Q

what microbes did jenner discover?

A

the ones that caused septicimia and anthrax and tb

31
Q

what were the main 19th century public heath problems?

A 
over crowding
miasma 
pollution
spreading of germs
vermin
dampness
no fresh or clean water
32
Q

what impact did the royal society have on medical training in the middle ages?

A

they committed to showing experiments, and gave money to scientist to driver medical knowledge forward

33
Q

what did versalius believe about the body?

A

jawbone was one piece
no holes in septum
breastbone has 3 parts
liver has no lobes

34
Q

what did galen believe about the body?

A

jawbone had 2 parts
hole in heart to transport blood
breastbone had 7 parts
liver has 5 lobes

35
Q

who was versalius?

A

medical megastar

found out about atanomy

36
Q

what did the church teach on supernatural thins in the middle ages?

A

galens ideas
4 humours
herbal remedies

37
Q

what did middle ages government think about public health?

A

wasn’t their responsibility

didn’t take much care in fixing it

38
Q

what were negative aspects of middle age public health?

A

water had bad taste
water was contaminated
waste attracted vermin
no clean water access in public places

39
Q

what positive aspects of public health in the middle ages?

A 
high standard cleanliness 
separate toilets 
water supply to housing 
fresh water supply
stewes to keep water clean
40
Q

what did people in medieval times believe caused disease?

A

miasma
imbalance of the 4 humours
punishments from gods

41
Q

what impact did the church have on training doctors?

A

doctors trained by books kept by the church

a lot of medical libraries in hospitals

42
Q

what was the printing process?

A

drawings on fabric of the human body, showed in detail how it worked

43
Q

what treatments were used in the middle ages?

A 
urine charts
astrology
village healers
herbal remedies
hospitals were built
44
Q

what impact did rome have on middle age public health?

A

funded water works
encouraged galens findings
left medical knowledge

45
Q

middle ages impacts on medical treatment?

A

lack of interest

war bought back useful medical knowledge

46
Q

why is galen important?

A

for over 1500 years his studies led to doctors to carry out disections and it allowed people to find cured and more about disease and illness

47
Q

who was galen?

A

doctor of thr roman emperor
studies illness and wrote down symptoms for certain illnesses
carried out disections #found out about 4 humours

48
Q

what did romans do to try and prevent illness?

A

temples to take patient to pray to gosds for forgivness which wre away from bad ar and waste

49
Q

what are the 4 humours?

A

phlegm
black bile
yellow bile
blood

50
Q

what did the collapse of the roman empire lead too?

A

public health systems were destroyed
books were dismantled
didn’t educate about galen

51
Q

what did romans do to prevent eperdermics in overcrowded streets?

A

public toilets
sewages
fresh water systems
aquaducts

gcse revision (8 decks)

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