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gcse revision > core biology > Flashcards

core biology Flashcards

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1
Q

how do you carry out animal clones and adult cell cloning?

A

embryo transplants

unfertilised egg and remove genetics and chromosomes and put together by a electric shock

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2
Q

how does genetic engineering happen?

A

use enzymes to cut and paste genes

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3
Q

what does fsh
oestrogen
lh do?

A

1 triggers egg to mature
2 inhibits release of fsh
3 stimulates release of egg

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4
Q

what does apsetic mean?

A

no microbes present

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5
Q

how is decay caused?

A

break down of organic matter in microorganisms

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6
Q

what went wrong with thalidomide?

A

used as a sleeping pill but helped with morning sickness but doctors didn’t know dosage or side effects for using it as a morning sickness pill so it effected foetus by causing it to have abnormal limbs etc

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7
Q

what do drugs do?

A

allows chemical processes in the body

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8
Q

what causes genetic variation?

A

different genes and characteristics through gametes and dna by parents

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9
Q

photosynthesis equation?

A

carbon dioxide + water + energy = oxygen + glucose

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10
Q

what does insulin do?

A

maintains the right amount of glucose in the bloody as a constant supply of energy

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11
Q

what are the three main types of micro organisms that enter the body?

A

pathogens
bacteria
virus

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12
Q

what are the three main types of drugs?

A

medicinal
recreational
performance enhancing

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13
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

maintaining one constant internal environment

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14
Q

whats different between nerves and homones?

A

nerves are fast and act for a short period of time whereas hormones take a long time and last longer in a general way

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15
Q

what do synapses and reflexes do?

A

connect neurons transferred by chemical pulses
automatically respond
reduces chances od being injured

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16
Q

whats bad about vaccinations?

A

don’t make you immune

could have a bad reaction to the vaccination

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17
Q

how does your body consume micro organisms?

A

immune system

white blood cells engulf unrecognised pathogens

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18
Q

what is the metabolic rate?

A

the speed at which your body burns fats in your muscles

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19
Q

why aren’t slimming foods good?

A

only work If you exercise more or eat less to replace what your not eating

20
Q

how does your body prevent micro organisms from getting into your body?

A

skin
hair
mucus

21
Q

what do antibodies do?

A

white blood cells produce proteins when come across a foreign antigens called antibodies to lock into antigens in the future

22
Q

what affect do vaccinations have?

A

inject unactive micro organisms white carry antigens so your white blood cells can engulf the antugens and replicate antibodies to lock onto them if get there in future

23
Q

whats the bad thing about antibiotics?

A

bacteria can become immune and mutate which an lead it to reproduce and the disease will grow which could cause serious infection

24
Q

what did semmelweiss do in the 1840’s?

A

encouraged doctors to wash their hands before going into pregnancy wards, dropped death rate from 12% to 2%

25
Q

nervous system?

A 
stimulus 
receptor 
sensory 
relay
motor
effector
26
Q

where does the reflex arc go through?

A

spinal cord

unconscious part of the brain

27
Q

what is the plant hormone auxin?

A

controls growth near tips
responds to light and gravity
stimulates cell econgstion

28
Q

lamarks ideas about evoluation?

A

develop characteristic and pass them onto your child

29
Q

what are hormones?

A

chemical messengers sent in the blood

30
Q

what causes environmental changes?

A

living factors- predators

non living- temperature

31
Q

how is reproduction carried out?

A

sperm fertilises the egg and egg creates a feotus

32
Q

what would a recreational drug be used for?

A

enjoyment
inspiration
relaxation
stress relief

33
Q

how do animals adapt to live on the desert =?

A

large surface area
efficient with water
cool
camoflauge

34
Q

three stages of testing medicinal drugs?

A

1 testing on human cells
2 testing on animals
3 testing on human volenteers

35
Q

where is ion regulated?

A

kidneys

taken by food
absorbed into blood
lost in sweat and urine

36
Q

what is natural selection?

A

variation in different genes, better adapted live with better chance of survival

37
Q

what issues surround cloning?

A

wipe out age disorders
cause arthritis
many failed attempts

38
Q

how can plants be cloned?

A

cuttings

tissue cultures

39
Q

asexual reproduction?

A

x chromosome - split down middle= dna replicates

40
Q

what does the pituitary gland do?

A

produces fsh and lh

41
Q

stage 1 of the mesutural cycle?

A

bleeding starts

uterus lining breaks down

42
Q

stage 2 of the mc?

A

lining builds up, ready to receive fertilised egg

43
Q

stage 3 of mc?

A

egg is released from ovary on day 14

44
Q

stage 4 of mc?

A

wall is maintained until day 28,no egg is fertilised lining starts to break down again

45
Q

what is diffusion?

A

spreading of a substance going from a high concentration of particles to a low concentration

gcse revision (8 decks)

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