History in Sport

Question 1

What three major development factors did industrialisation have an effect on improving society.

Answer 1

• Transport, fixtures now played in different towns.
• Communication, the sporting press.
• Technology, better equipment e.g. timing devices.

Question 2

Who were public schools first made for

Answer 2

Sons of the gentry and where boarding, fee paying and non-local establishments.

Question 3

What is the Clarendon Commission

Answer 3

Royal commission established in 1861 to investigate the state of 9 leading public schools due to complaints about finances, buildings and management of Eton College. They found that bullying was going on within the school which led to the Public Schools’ Act being passed in 1868, which enabled Parliament to bring in new rules to regulate 7 of the 9 public schools.

Question 4

Amateurism and Professionalism in the 19th Century

Answer 4

• The distinction between amateurs and professionals at the point was based on class.
• The ‘gentlemen’ were the amateurs who played for fun and the ‘players’ were professionals, usually employed by the gentlemen.
• Soccer became a professional sport in 1885 because players were mostly working class.

Question 5

Female sport in the 19th century

Answer 5

• Sport evolved from violent activities undertaken by males when preparing for war, so women never tended to get involved until later.
• The middle class wives were allowed to play as long as the games where private and genteel.
• Women were being excluded from rational sports because it was too manly, endanger childbirth, women should not display their bodies, they should not be competitive or sweat.