History Final Flashcards
Why did Congress create the Freedman’s Bureau?
it helped former slaves
it gave food and clothing to former slaves.
it also tried to find jobs for the freedmen
What does the 13th Amendment say?
banned slavery
What does the 14th Amendment say?
it defined citizens as “all persons born or naturalized in the united states”.
guaranteed all citizens equal rights
What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws?
to reverse all the rights of the freedmen. it trapped southern blacks in a hopeless situation
What was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan
they worked to keep African Americans and white republicans out of office- (https://youtu.be/jDhYU2ps2ys?t=1m58s)
What did Hayes promise in order to win the election of 1876
to end reconstruction
What was the significance of Plessy v Ferguson?
it showed that separate but equal was okay, but it wasn’t ‘equal’
Define the word amnesty
an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.
What were the benefits of the transatlantic cable being created?
could transmit messages over the ocean quickly
What is a robber baron?
an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.
What is the goal of labor unions?
it grew out of the need to protect the common interest of workers. For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions.
What are trusts?
a group of corporations ran by a single board of directors
Laissez-faire economics
French for ‘leave alone’ The driving idea behind laissez-faire as a theory was that the less the government is involved in free market capitalism, the better off business will be, and then by extension society as a whole.
Dust Bowl
a time during the great depression when dust storms swept the Great Plains
Red Scare
a period when people where scared of the rise of communism and archism
Muckrakers
journalists who wanted to expose the problems in society
what marked the start of WWII?
Germany invading Poland
Who attacked pearl harbor and what was its effect?
Japan. It brought the US into WWII
Nazis were defeated when Soviet Union (Russian) troops reached the city of____
Berlin
what was Rockefeller known for?
Oil
what amendment did the Plessy v Ferguson go against’?
14th
which group did the kkk want the south to be in charge?
conservative democrats
which invention sped up communication between the US and Europe?
transatlantic cable
goes underwater- transATLANTIC
what was the main reason trusts were ruled illegal?
stopped competition
What was criticism of the new deal?
Didn’t help enough, unconstitutional, government too big
What amendment allowed women to vote?
19th
why did congress create the freedman’s bureau
to help former slaves and give them food, clothes, and jobs
13th amendment
officially banned slavery throughout the nation
14th amendment
granted citizens equal protection of the laws and banned states the right to deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law
jim crow laws
made segregation the law of the land
4 ways the south limited African American rights
poll taxes, literacy test, and grandfather clause
Jim crow laws
Ku Klux Klan
Plessy Vs Ferguson
Ferguson won, the supreme court ruled separate but equal
amnesty
a government pardon
true or false: cami is piece of shit and needs to check if cards were already made before RE FRICKEN MAKING THEM AND WASTING THE LITTLE TIME AND FOCUS SHE HAS
true
3 effects of industrial growth in US
more railroads and faster travel
growth of big business (steel, oil, banks)
many new inventions that made life easier
triangle shirtwaist factory
a fire broke out and many workers died because there were no exits and ladders weren’t long enough. New safety laws were put into place.
Sherman anti-trust act
banned trusts and monopolies
because big businesses with them reduced competition for lower prices or better products
“Old” immigrants (1840-1860)
from north and west Europe most spoke English, at first greeted with racism but then integrated into american life
“New” immigrants (1860-1900)
from south and east Europe and few spoke English, were faced with a lot of racism and so it was much harder for them to be integrated into American life
nativists
sought to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white Protestants
(Donald Trump)
push factors
conditions that drive people from their homes
ex: no land, religious persecution, political unrest
pull factors
conditions that attract immigrants to a new area
ex: industrial jobs, promise of freedom
This campaign pledge by TR promised to equip opportunity for all to succeed.
Square deal
Yellow journalism was one cause of this war
Spanish American war
This term refers to when powerful countries seek to control weaker countries
Imperialism
“Seward’s Folly” refers to the acquisition of which future state?
Alaska
What was created after WWI to prevent another world war?
The League of Nations
Why didn’t the US Senate ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
To avoid future military entanglements
The trial of these 2 Italian immigrants was a result of nativist feeling in the Us
Sacco and Vanzetti
The purpose of the Quota System was to do what?
Limit immigration
This set up a system of pensions for older people
The Social Security Act
Why did many oppose FDR’s court packing plan?
It violated checks and balances and separation of power
What are two causes of the dust bowl?
Over farming and drought
Hitlers invasion of this country started WWII
Poland
What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific Theatre?
Battle of Midway
Single party government which controls the lives of its people through censorship
Totalitarian
What trial in the 1920s showed the divide between traditionalists and modernists over education?
Scopes Monkey Trial
what was the structure of an adverage city/ where did the poor, middle class, and rich live
poor- crammed into old, dirty city centers; lived in tentaments
middle class- ring outside the slums, in the Middle; lived in decent sized homes
rich- outskirts; lived in big mansions
how did progressives try to increase voter participation?
by giving citizens more power in government using primary, initiative, referendum, and recall
muckrakers
crusading journalists who wrote about the dirty parts of america, they helped to change public opinion
why was the spoils system criticized?
government officals gave jobs to their followers (patronage). even if they had no skills for the job and some even stole public money. Patronage led to corruption
Theodore Roosevelt’s square deal
everyone from farmers and consumers to workers and owners should have the same opportunity to succeed
impact of The Jungle
revealed the grisly details of the meat packing industry, resulted in more citizens wanting reform and change
civil service commission
created to conduct exams for federal jobs, filled jobs on the basis of merit/ ability
Theodore Roosevelt’s view on conservation
loved the outdoors and wanted to preserve them. created many national park, ran by federal government
election of 1912
three way election including Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Wilson won because Roosevelt and Taft split the republican vote
causes of Spanish- American War
Cuban people rebelled against Spanish rule and wanted to be free
sinking of the Main
Yellow Journalism
Result of Spanish- American War
US claimed Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines. Cuba was freed
why was the panama canal built
for faster travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific and visa-versa
imperialism
the policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions
US gained Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, Samoa, Puerto Rico, Midway Island and more
Open Door Policy
allowed china to trade with US
how did US get Alaska
they bought it from Russia
Roosevelt’s policy for Latin america
Monroe Doctorine- america could step into Latin America to preserve law and order
what were the MAIN causes of WWI
M- militarism
A- alliances
I- imperialism
N- nationalism
why did US enter WWI
the sinking of the Lusitania
U-Boat attack
Zimmerman Note
new technology in WWI
machine guns resulted in trench warfare, chlorine and mustard gas choked and blinded troops
armistice
agreement to stop fighting. WWI ended when Germany agreed to the armistice at 11:00 am. on November 11, 1918 (11 11 11)
Treaty of Versailles
Germany was forced to sign treaty. Treaty was very harsh on Germany
plus they had to sign it in a beautiful palace in Versailles, France so that the French could rub it in their face even more
League of Nations
Wilson proposed the League of nations. its job was to protect all countries of their Independence. America didn’t join at first
why did the US senate not ratify the Treaty of Versallies
Isolationists wanted to stay out of world affairs, some thought it was too harsh, others said it could tie america into European wars
18th amendment
started prohibition, banned alcohol and liquor everywhere and anywhere
Harlem Renaissance
large numbers of African American artists, musician, and writers settled in Harlem, in NYC. African Americans celebrated and took pride in their culture and expressed it anyway they could.
American culture during 1920s
Fads, Flappers, Jazz, cars, movies, radio, buying on credit, and prohibition were all major characteristics of the 20’s
what was the reason for immigration reform during 20s
Americans believed immigrants were taking their jobs (sounds familiar doesn’t it)
Chief causes of Great Depression
stock market crash, overproduction, buying on credit and falling into debt, wages didn’t keep up with prices, and weakness in banking system
(HP ONLY!!!) bonus army
veterans wanted a bonus
Laissez faire
government is hands off, Laissez= Lazy
social security act
set up system of pensions for older people
set up unemployment insurance
gave states money to support kids and people with disabilities
what were the goals of FDR’s New Deal
to find millions of people jobs, end bank crisis, protect farmers, help all citizens, and to pay their way out of the depression
result of Great Depression
unemployment skyrocketed, marriage and birth rates dropped, and many were homeless and without food
national debt
total sum of what the government owes
bankrupt
unable to pay their debts
totalitarian state
a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives
how did Germany violate the treaty of Versailles
built up Germany’s armed forces, set up troops near the border of France and Belgium, seized Czechoslovakia, invaded Poland
what event started WWII
Germany invading Poland
why did the US declare war on the axis powers
Japan bombed pearl harbor
Lend-Lease Act
allowed sales or loans of war materials to “any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the United States”
Munich Conference
Hitler was appeased and promised that Germany would seek no further territory once it had acquired the Sudetenland. (which he didn’t do)
who was apart of the Allies
Britain, France, Soviet Union, United states, and 45 other countries
who was apart of the Axis powers
Italy, Japan, Germany, and 6 other countries
blitzkrieg
lightning war
Germany used this method to attack Britain
why was the battle of Midway important
half way through the war, the major turning point in the war, severely damaged Japanese forces
how was the atomic bomb justified
Japan ignored the Potsdam Decoration, which stated Japan should surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction”. Also mathematically it killed less people then if they would have had a land attack
how did american citizens help the war effort
men and women joined armed forces, workers made tens of thousands of plains and shipped more then 8 million tons of goods in just 1 year, citizens rationed their food, and planted victory gardens
purpose of D-Day invasion
to liberate Paris and free France of Nazi rule
Holocaust
the slaughtering and imprisoning of millions of Jews
Nuremberg trials
Nazi and Japanese leaders were put on trial for their war crimes and were later sentenced to death, thousands of other Nazis were also jailed
how was Germany defeated
American and Soviet troops closed in on Berlin and Hitler committed sue of side, a week later on May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered
island hopping
US navy “hopped” from island to island to get close enough to Japan
