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Finals 2016- Pennbrook > History Final > Flashcards

History Final Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Congress create the Freedman’s Bureau?

A

it helped former slaves
it gave food and clothing to former slaves.
it also tried to find jobs for the freedmen

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2
Q

What does the 13th Amendment say?

A

banned slavery

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3
Q

What does the 14th Amendment say?

A

it defined citizens as “all persons born or naturalized in the united states”.
guaranteed all citizens equal rights

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4
Q

What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws?

A

to reverse all the rights of the freedmen. it trapped southern blacks in a hopeless situation

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5
Q

What was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan

A

they worked to keep African Americans and white republicans out of office- (https://youtu.be/jDhYU2ps2ys?t=1m58s)

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6
Q

What did Hayes promise in order to win the election of 1876

A

to end reconstruction

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7
Q

What was the significance of Plessy v Ferguson?

A

it showed that separate but equal was okay, but it wasn’t ‘equal’

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8
Q

Define the word amnesty

A

an official pardon for people who have been convicted of political offenses.

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9
Q

What were the benefits of the transatlantic cable being created?

A

could transmit messages over the ocean quickly

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10
Q

What is a robber baron?

A

an unscrupulous plutocrat, especially an American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means.

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11
Q

What is the goal of labor unions?

A

it grew out of the need to protect the common interest of workers. For those in the industrial sector, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions.

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12
Q

What are trusts?

A

a group of corporations ran by a single board of directors

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13
Q

Laissez-faire economics

A

French for ‘leave alone’ The driving idea behind laissez-faire as a theory was that the less the government is involved in free market capitalism, the better off business will be, and then by extension society as a whole.

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14
Q

Dust Bowl

A

a time during the great depression when dust storms swept the Great Plains

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15
Q

Red Scare

A

a period when people where scared of the rise of communism and archism

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16
Q

Muckrakers

A

journalists who wanted to expose the problems in society

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17
Q

what marked the start of WWII?

A

Germany invading Poland

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18
Q

Who attacked pearl harbor and what was its effect?

A

Japan. It brought the US into WWII

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19
Q

Nazis were defeated when Soviet Union (Russian) troops reached the city of____

A

Berlin

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20
Q

what was Rockefeller known for?

A

Oil

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21
Q

what amendment did the Plessy v Ferguson go against’?

A

14th

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22
Q

which group did the kkk want the south to be in charge?

A

conservative democrats

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23
Q

which invention sped up communication between the US and Europe?

A

transatlantic cable

goes underwater- transATLANTIC

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24
Q

what was the main reason trusts were ruled illegal?

A

stopped competition

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25
Q

What was criticism of the new deal?

A

Didn’t help enough, unconstitutional, government too big

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26
Q

What amendment allowed women to vote?

A

19th

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27
Q

why did congress create the freedman’s bureau

A

to help former slaves and give them food, clothes, and jobs

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28
Q

13th amendment

A

officially banned slavery throughout the nation

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29
Q

14th amendment

A

granted citizens equal protection of the laws and banned states the right to deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law

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30
Q

jim crow laws

A

made segregation the law of the land

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31
Q

4 ways the south limited African American rights

A

poll taxes, literacy test, and grandfather clause
Jim crow laws
Ku Klux Klan

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32
Q

Plessy Vs Ferguson

A

Ferguson won, the supreme court ruled separate but equal

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33
Q

amnesty

A

a government pardon

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34
Q

true or false: cami is piece of shit and needs to check if cards were already made before RE FRICKEN MAKING THEM AND WASTING THE LITTLE TIME AND FOCUS SHE HAS

A

true

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35
Q

3 effects of industrial growth in US

A

more railroads and faster travel
growth of big business (steel, oil, banks)
many new inventions that made life easier

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36
Q

triangle shirtwaist factory

A

a fire broke out and many workers died because there were no exits and ladders weren’t long enough. New safety laws were put into place.

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37
Q

Sherman anti-trust act

A

banned trusts and monopolies

because big businesses with them reduced competition for lower prices or better products

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38
Q

“Old” immigrants (1840-1860)

A

from north and west Europe most spoke English, at first greeted with racism but then integrated into american life

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39
Q

“New” immigrants (1860-1900)

A

from south and east Europe and few spoke English, were faced with a lot of racism and so it was much harder for them to be integrated into American life

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40
Q

nativists

A

sought to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white Protestants
(Donald Trump)

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41
Q

push factors

A

conditions that drive people from their homes

ex: no land, religious persecution, political unrest

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42
Q

pull factors

A

conditions that attract immigrants to a new area

ex: industrial jobs, promise of freedom

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43
Q

This campaign pledge by TR promised to equip opportunity for all to succeed.

A

Square deal

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43
Q

Yellow journalism was one cause of this war

A

Spanish American war

43
Q

This term refers to when powerful countries seek to control weaker countries

A

Imperialism

44
Q

“Seward’s Folly” refers to the acquisition of which future state?

A

Alaska

45
Q

What was created after WWI to prevent another world war?

A

The League of Nations

46
Q

Why didn’t the US Senate ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

A

To avoid future military entanglements

47
Q

The trial of these 2 Italian immigrants was a result of nativist feeling in the Us

A

Sacco and Vanzetti

48
Q

The purpose of the Quota System was to do what?

A

Limit immigration

49
Q

This set up a system of pensions for older people

A

The Social Security Act

50
Q

Why did many oppose FDR’s court packing plan?

A

It violated checks and balances and separation of power

51
Q

What are two causes of the dust bowl?

A

Over farming and drought

52
Q

Hitlers invasion of this country started WWII

A

Poland

53
Q

What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific Theatre?

A

Battle of Midway

54
Q

Single party government which controls the lives of its people through censorship

A

Totalitarian

55
Q

What trial in the 1920s showed the divide between traditionalists and modernists over education?

A

Scopes Monkey Trial

58
Q

what was the structure of an adverage city/ where did the poor, middle class, and rich live

A

poor- crammed into old, dirty city centers; lived in tentaments
middle class- ring outside the slums, in the Middle; lived in decent sized homes
rich- outskirts; lived in big mansions

59
Q

how did progressives try to increase voter participation?

A

by giving citizens more power in government using primary, initiative, referendum, and recall

60
Q

muckrakers

A

crusading journalists who wrote about the dirty parts of america, they helped to change public opinion

61
Q

why was the spoils system criticized?

A

government officals gave jobs to their followers (patronage). even if they had no skills for the job and some even stole public money. Patronage led to corruption

62
Q

Theodore Roosevelt’s square deal

A

everyone from farmers and consumers to workers and owners should have the same opportunity to succeed

63
Q

impact of The Jungle

A

revealed the grisly details of the meat packing industry, resulted in more citizens wanting reform and change

64
Q

civil service commission

A

created to conduct exams for federal jobs, filled jobs on the basis of merit/ ability

65
Q

Theodore Roosevelt’s view on conservation

A

loved the outdoors and wanted to preserve them. created many national park, ran by federal government

66
Q

election of 1912

A

three way election including Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson. Wilson won because Roosevelt and Taft split the republican vote

67
Q

causes of Spanish- American War

A

Cuban people rebelled against Spanish rule and wanted to be free
sinking of the Main
Yellow Journalism

68
Q

Result of Spanish- American War

A

US claimed Guam, Puerto Rico, and Philippines. Cuba was freed

69
Q

why was the panama canal built

A

for faster travel from the Atlantic to the Pacific and visa-versa

70
Q

imperialism

A

the policy of powerful countries seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries or regions
US gained Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, Guam, Samoa, Puerto Rico, Midway Island and more

71
Q

Open Door Policy

A

allowed china to trade with US

72
Q

how did US get Alaska

A

they bought it from Russia

73
Q

Roosevelt’s policy for Latin america

A

Monroe Doctorine- america could step into Latin America to preserve law and order

74
Q

what were the MAIN causes of WWI

A

M- militarism
A- alliances
I- imperialism
N- nationalism

75
Q

why did US enter WWI

A

the sinking of the Lusitania
U-Boat attack
Zimmerman Note

76
Q

new technology in WWI

A

machine guns resulted in trench warfare, chlorine and mustard gas choked and blinded troops

77
Q

armistice

A

agreement to stop fighting. WWI ended when Germany agreed to the armistice at 11:00 am. on November 11, 1918 (11 11 11)

78
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Germany was forced to sign treaty. Treaty was very harsh on Germany
plus they had to sign it in a beautiful palace in Versailles, France so that the French could rub it in their face even more

79
Q

League of Nations

A

Wilson proposed the League of nations. its job was to protect all countries of their Independence. America didn’t join at first

80
Q

why did the US senate not ratify the Treaty of Versallies

A

Isolationists wanted to stay out of world affairs, some thought it was too harsh, others said it could tie america into European wars

81
Q

18th amendment

A

started prohibition, banned alcohol and liquor everywhere and anywhere

82
Q

Harlem Renaissance

A

large numbers of African American artists, musician, and writers settled in Harlem, in NYC. African Americans celebrated and took pride in their culture and expressed it anyway they could.

83
Q

American culture during 1920s

A

Fads, Flappers, Jazz, cars, movies, radio, buying on credit, and prohibition were all major characteristics of the 20’s

84
Q

what was the reason for immigration reform during 20s

A

Americans believed immigrants were taking their jobs (sounds familiar doesn’t it)

85
Q

Chief causes of Great Depression

A

stock market crash, overproduction, buying on credit and falling into debt, wages didn’t keep up with prices, and weakness in banking system

86
Q

(HP ONLY!!!) bonus army

A

veterans wanted a bonus

87
Q

Laissez faire

A

government is hands off, Laissez= Lazy

88
Q

social security act

A

set up system of pensions for older people
set up unemployment insurance
gave states money to support kids and people with disabilities

89
Q

what were the goals of FDR’s New Deal

A

to find millions of people jobs, end bank crisis, protect farmers, help all citizens, and to pay their way out of the depression

90
Q

result of Great Depression

A

unemployment skyrocketed, marriage and birth rates dropped, and many were homeless and without food

91
Q

national debt

A

total sum of what the government owes

92
Q

bankrupt

A

unable to pay their debts

93
Q

totalitarian state

A

a single party controls the government and every aspect of people’s lives

94
Q

how did Germany violate the treaty of Versailles

A

built up Germany’s armed forces, set up troops near the border of France and Belgium, seized Czechoslovakia, invaded Poland

95
Q

what event started WWII

A

Germany invading Poland

96
Q

why did the US declare war on the axis powers

A

Japan bombed pearl harbor

97
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

allowed sales or loans of war materials to “any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the United States”

98
Q

Munich Conference

A

Hitler was appeased and promised that Germany would seek no further territory once it had acquired the Sudetenland. (which he didn’t do)

99
Q

who was apart of the Allies

A

Britain, France, Soviet Union, United states, and 45 other countries

100
Q

who was apart of the Axis powers

A

Italy, Japan, Germany, and 6 other countries

101
Q

blitzkrieg

A

lightning war

Germany used this method to attack Britain

102
Q

why was the battle of Midway important

A

half way through the war, the major turning point in the war, severely damaged Japanese forces

103
Q

how was the atomic bomb justified

A

Japan ignored the Potsdam Decoration, which stated Japan should surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction”. Also mathematically it killed less people then if they would have had a land attack

104
Q

how did american citizens help the war effort

A

men and women joined armed forces, workers made tens of thousands of plains and shipped more then 8 million tons of goods in just 1 year, citizens rationed their food, and planted victory gardens

105
Q

purpose of D-Day invasion

A

to liberate Paris and free France of Nazi rule

106
Q

Holocaust

A

the slaughtering and imprisoning of millions of Jews

107
Q

Nuremberg trials

A

Nazi and Japanese leaders were put on trial for their war crimes and were later sentenced to death, thousands of other Nazis were also jailed

108
Q

how was Germany defeated

A

American and Soviet troops closed in on Berlin and Hitler committed sue of side, a week later on May 7, 1945, Germany surrendered

109
Q

island hopping

A

US navy “hopped” from island to island to get close enough to Japan

Finals 2016- Pennbrook (8 decks)

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