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History > History Exam 2023 July (Slave Trade) > Flashcards

History Exam 2023 July (Slave Trade) Flashcards

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1
Q

What year did European explorers sail along the coat of africa? Who mainly went and what were they trying to find?

A

1400, Portugal, Asia

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2
Q

What did explorers want when they went to africa and what were they going to do with it

A

Cheap spices/other rare things to sell for large profit in africa

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3
Q

What did Portugal do while travelling along the coast of west africa?

A

They made agreements with several African kingdoms to take part in trade

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4
Q

Durning what year did the Portugueses take control of what country and with whose help?

A

1500s, west - south Angola, help of the kingdom of Congo

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5
Q

How did rulers make profit

A

But putting taxes on goods coming in and out of their nation + entry fees

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6
Q

What happened in late 1400 - early 1500 (in transatlantic slave trade)

A

Portagal + Spain - followed by - British, Dutch, French conquered large parts of north/south america

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7
Q

What were the large plantations growing? Who did the work

A

Sugar, tobacco, coffee, work done by native Americans slaves

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8
Q

What wiped out the pre - conquest population of slaves and what percentage was wiped out?

A

Mistreatment + small pox, 90%

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9
Q

What was the prime location for slaves

A

West africa

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10
Q

What are the 4 reasons west africa was the prime place for slaves

A
  1. Climate - similar to American plantation
  2. Most Americans already exposed to disease
  3. Journey across Atlantic was more direct
  4. Several European countries already did slave trade with west African kingdoms
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11
Q

What religion spread to west africa and in what century? What did they also believe in traditional religious

A

Islam, 8th century, believed in creator, spirts + ancestors

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12
Q

What years was West Africa a thriving trade centre and why

A

1300 - 1400, spices + salt in demand = plentiful in west africa

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13
Q

How long has West + North Africa traded

A

Hundreds of year

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14
Q

What part of africa traded with European sailers long before the other part

A

North africa

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15
Q

What did Europeans sought? Who were the 1st European sailers to go to West Africa and in what year?

A

Salt, gold, ivory, bronze + others, Portuguese in 1400

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16
Q

How long has slavery existed in africa

A

Since ancient times

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17
Q

True of false - there is only one type of slavery

A

False

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18
Q

What varied from time to time and place to palce in Africa

A

Customs + laws

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19
Q

What are the 4 types of slavery

A

Debt, military, domestic, criminal slavery

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20
Q

What is Debt slavery

A

Pawnship, if a person borrows money + agrees to enslave themselves/family member to pay back debt (often includes children as servents)

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21
Q

What is military slavery

A

Boys taken from young age to work for military + trained to be professional soliders, can earn freedom in serving

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22
Q

What is domestic slavery

A

Slaves that work at farmers/house of owner - often paid percentage of earnings = pay for freedom

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23
Q

What is criminal slavery

A

People who convicted crime = sentenced to period of enslavement time depends on seriousness of crime committed

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24
Q

What does the treatment of slaves depend on

A

If they were born in a family / if they were captured/bought

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25
Q

Why did people face harsher lives

A

Many informal and formal rules often protected the former from being sold or mistreated while the latter faced harsher lives

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26
Q

What happened to children of slaves in most societies

A

Weren’t automatically made into slaves themselves

27
Q

What kingdoms/empires gained a lot of wealth from slave trade - where were they created + when

A

In 800s + 1500s AD - several powerful empires/kingdoms in Western, Northern and Eastern Africa

28
Q

What network grew linking towns + cities and where were captives transported to

A

Large slave trading network, slaves transported to Arabia, Indian + Europe

29
Q

How many people and in what part of africa where captured + transported and by who

A

10 million, west and east africa, slave raiders + traders

30
Q

In slave trade where were merchants from and where did they settle? And what was built to control + manage trade

A

Arabia, Persia, India - settled on coast of East Africa, ports where built

31
Q

In what year was the number of slave transported to North and South America low?

A

1600s

32
Q

What happened in the 1700s in the transatlantic slave trade

A

Huge increase in slave trade from west Africa to america

33
Q

What was the average number of people who got captured, sold, and transported across the Atlantic?

A

60 000

34
Q

What did the triangular trade involve?

A

Exchange of people and goods between Europe, Africa and America

35
Q

What did European ships bring to different African ports and what did they exchange for

A

Cloths, beads, metals, guns and exchanged for slaves

36
Q

What ocean where slaves transported across? What were slaves sold for?

A

Transported across Atlantic to America, sold for sugar, tobacco, coffee, cotton and other raw material

37
Q

Where were the materials from the triangular trade transported to

A

Europe, completing the triangle

38
Q

Why did some countries have an advantages when capturing slaves

A

Because some countries had modern weapons like guns

39
Q

What happened to people who didn’t want to get involved in the capture of slaves

A

They were forced to take part and protect themselves from enslavement

40
Q

What did profit change in the capture of slaves

A

Profit changed laws + punishment

41
Q

What happened when some convicted a minor crime in the capture of slaves

A

They were sentenced by leaders then sold into slavery

42
Q

Who were slave traders?

A

Powerful men who barter + exchange household slaves for goods

43
Q

How did some West African try to escape slave traders?

A

By disfiguring, eating dirt, poisoning selfs, suicide - but it was difficult to escape well organised men

44
Q

Where were captives taken

A

Ports along the coast of West Africa - held in a cage before being sold

45
Q

How did many people die at sea

A

Disease, starvation / maltreatment before getting far

46
Q

What happened when slave ships came into the ports? What happened when slaves got sold or didnt?

A

Port captives would clean + inspect slaves and those who got sold would be transferred onto the slave ship after being tied up / chained and those who didn’t get sold where murdered on the spot

47
Q

How did slave ship owners make their journey profitable

A

The pack as many people as possible and chained them together so there was no movement

48
Q

How did people die on slave ships

A

Food was inadequate which made slaves suffer, die of starvation and the crowded conditions cause diseases

49
Q

What did the slave ship owners take from the slaves lives

A

Their insurance

50
Q

What did the crew of Zong do? When did it happen

A

In 1781 they murdered 133 slaves, threw them overboard because they ran out of water and food

51
Q

Why did some people throw themselves overboard when they had the chance?

A

Because they preferred death to enslavement

52
Q

Why were small groups of slaves taken to the deck

A

They were taken to the deck to exercise/dancing (even the weak and ill) and if you didn’t you would get beaten or whipped

53
Q

Where were many slaves sold to rather than plantations

A

The were often sold to seasoning camps

54
Q

What were seasoning camps used for

A

They were used to break independence and identities of slaves

55
Q

What were the slaves forced to learn at seasoning camp/plantations

A

They were forced to learn new languages, customs, skill to work at plantations

56
Q

What was the treatment like at seasoning camps?

A

It was brutal and harsh even fro minor violations, 25% died in 2 years but being broken made it go to 50%

57
Q

Where were slaves sold

A

At public auctions

58
Q

How did dealers clean up slaves?

A

They cleaned and oiled their bodies

59
Q

What were potential buyers allowed to do to slaves and what did they look for

A

Potential buyers where allowed to inspected bodies themselves they looked for injury, weakness or disease

60
Q

How did sales often end with slaves and what did new owners do to slaves

A

Sales often ended with separation of family friends who managed to stay together and new owners gave slaves new names and brand them

61
Q

What are primary and secondary sources

A

Primary = original record from the past by someone who was involved or witnessed the event

Secondary = an interpretation of the primary source and someones else understanding that wasn’t in the event

62
Q

What does BC and BCE stand for

A

Before christ - before common era

63
Q

What does AD and CE stand for

A

Anno Domini - Common era

History (4 decks)

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