history exam 1 Flashcards
Pull factors out west
Land and mining rushes and the chance to get rich quick
railroad construction
good deals on land provided by the homestead act
Frontier thesis
Idea from frederick turner that american democracy was created on the frontier and european influence is dissolved the more out west you go
The homestead act
Provided good deals on land to encourage people to move further out west
Problems faced by homesteaders
Environmental problems like drought, floods, blizzards
lots of hard labor
anxious scared and lonely life
Women role in frontier life
Women had a more involved role because men needed more help with labor
women started to get more rights
Elizabeth lizzie johnson
Former teacher that left teaching and invested in cattle and was considered the texas cattle queen
Battle of little bighorn
US attempt to get native leader sitting bull and his rebellion onto the reservation
lots of mistakes made my custard and he dies but natives eventually lose
Homesteaders
Americans that moved out west for opportunity
Ghost dance movement
Spirtual dance done by natives before battle
Sitting bull
Native leader that fought against the army when they tried to put everyone on reservations
Signicifcant points of wounded knee massacre
All started a by a crazy man who shot at us soldiers
soldiers had surrounded natives after being scared of rebellion because of the ghost dance
Prominent robber barons of gilded age
jay gould, andrew carnigie, and john d rockefeller
Horizontal integration
Merges several companies into a system
Vertical integration
puts all areas of production into one buisness
Haymarket affair
hours long protest for an 8 hour work day, ended with a bombing that killed 7 and injured many
Wealth gap in gilded age
very big wealth gap between classes, hard to move up in classes
Hull house
houses created by jane mccadams for the poor
International workers in gilded age
lots of immigrants from south and east europe as well as chinese
Knights of labor philosophy
workers own the industries they work in
Chinese exclusion act
prohibited chinese immigrants from coming to america in 1882
Politics in gilded age
Common beliefs include limited federal government, opposed labor unions, ignored suffering, widespread corruption, parties were more similar than different
Republicans more concentrated in rural areas in the north, mid west, and western states
Protestant northerners and westerners, had 4 presidents in gilded age
Used tactic called waving bloody shirt, reminded voters of civil war and how they were lincolns party who ended slavery and war
Democrats had southern and northern cities, favored by immigrants, very religiously diverse, strongly supported segregation, only had 1 president
Political machine- unofficial political org designed to keep a party or faction in office, very common in northern cities
Political boss- presides over machine, brings in voters and immigrants in exchange for bribes, favors, and government contracts
Anthony comstock
guy who wanted to crackdown on obsene content
Jim crow laws
segregation laws set to prevent blacks from having rights
plessy vs ferguson
case that upheld segregation laws after black man broke barrier on railcar
Phillipine island warfare
Philippine island warfare- filipinos did not like americans and emilio aguinaldo leads a movement for independence, 20000 casualties between sides(4k americans), us wins
WEB Bois
first african american to get phd from harvard, published souls of black folk to advocate for complete racial equality and resistance to discrimination
Booker T washington
former slave from virginia, then educated at a freedman school, founded tuskegee institute in alabama, black school that teached trades
Washington advocates for skills, wages, and labor to earn respect from whites
Washington also advocates for giving in to whites to gain equality
Lynching
unfair hanging of black people, normally used crimes as an excuse
Taking over of hawaii
Hawaii has sugar plantations but hurt by mckinley tariff
Queen liliuokalani of hawaii taken away from throne for anti american views and natives give the u.s. Pearl harbor then eventually hawaii as a territory
open door policy in china
americans want to sell goods in china and china is weak and boxer rebellion starts from us influence
Granger laws
the grange or “patrons of husbandry” one of first groups to join and elect representatives in state legislatures and us house of representatives, group grows to 1.5 million members by mid 1870s
Legislators pass laws fixing max grain storage rates and shipping costs
Supreme court upheld these laws^
Grange also formed farmer cooperatives, farmer co ops that provide farmers things they need at a discounted price, starts to eliminate role of merchants
Grange eventually declines in power by late 1870s, after crop prices rebound
Panic of 1893
economic depression caused by decreased crop prices and increasing railroad shipping rates
Farmers alliance
started in lampasas by charles macune
Organization was very community oriented to address national issues
By 1890 alliance has 3 million members across the south
National colored farmers alliance forms in separate but equal society
Supported lower tariffs, wanted to increase money supply with paper money as well as silver, also wanted to spread scientific agriculture.
munn vs illinois and wasbesh vs illinois
laws controlling and limiting the railroads
Theodore roosevelt on labor unions
roosevelt agrees on labor unions, allows for reform
Teddy and gifford pinchot
teddy starts to want to conserve nature pinchot is the director of parks
The jungle
book written in 1906 exposing meat packing industries
Trust busting
act of breaking up big companies that allowed for no competiton in the economy
progressive presidents
teddy, taft, woodraw
shirtwaist factory fire
factory fire where many woman died, later found out woman were locked in, brought lots of reform
election of 1912
Roosevelt decides to run again in 1912 to take taft off office
Republican party leaders nominate taft for primary, roosevelt runs in his own progressive(bull moose) party
Socialist eugene debs runs and wins a lot of votes for socialist
Woodraw Wilson
Eventually would win the 1912 election
populist vs progressive movements
populist wanted farming reforms and less government but progressives thought the government needed to do things to cause reform
women roles in progressive era
woman start to want the right to vote
Margeret sanger
argaret sanger creates birth control league in 1914, tried to spread contraception knowledge to other women
Very outspoken, argued against women being in a separate sphere of life
Sanger did not support abortion, thought it was too dangerous, did support the idea of eugenics, idea that certain races and groups of people should not have children
Ida B wells
Ida b wells- cofounders of naacp, nation association for the advancement of colored people, advocated for the end of lynching
suffrage movement
woman thought they should have the right of vote
advocates had margeret sanger but also alice paul who was very radical
WCTU
a group created by woman who advocated for the outlaw of drinking
Panama canal
Mexican Revolution
Zimmermann telegram
Telegram intercepted by brittish from germany to mexico telling mexico to attack the us, brought us into war
US entry of WW1
Russian revolution
League of nations
proposed idea to have an organization of countries to prevent war again, rejected by the us
Spanish flu
flu that went through the world in 1917 killing millions
Red summer
Red scare
