exam 2 Flashcards
*Democrats Division in the 1920s
Democratic Party was divided throughout the 1920s.
Urban v. Rural, Progressive v. Conservative, Wet v. Dry
*Republican Ideology/Beliefs of the 1920s
Conservative republican presidencies that promote business, low tax, individualism, isolationism, and overseas business
*Teapot Dome Scandal
Albert fall, the interior secretary leases government land to be drilled on by oil companies for self profit
*Labor Unions in the 1920s
Decline in labor unions throughout the 20s because of prosperity, theyre seen as radical after war protests
Ku Klux Klan Resurgence
Causes of the Economic Boom of the 1920s
Continued ww1 manufacturing levels, rise of mass produced goods, rallying stock market, and wages rising, all lead to a rise in business
Henry Ford
Henry ford- one of most prominent businessmen of the 20’s
Ford introduces the assembly line
Ford also creates the model T, becomes affordable for the average family
Ford provided 5 dollar days for his worker( a lot for the time) increases productivity
*Election of 1928
Calvin Coolidge doesnt run for another term
Herbert hoover vs Al smith
Hoover had never held an office before, pro-business, dry(no alc)
Al smith was urban, reform-oriented, wet(alc), faces lots of backlash and prejudice because he is catholic
*The Tulsa Massacre
killing of blacks
*The “New Negro” Movement
NAACP and other black activists fight to end lynching, white primaries, and other forms of discrimination.
Activists supported black empowerment and appreciation.
Activists were anti-colonialism in Africa and anti-imperialism of the U.S.
*The Garvey Movement
Marcus Garvey creates the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
Garvey urged for African Americans to go and rebuild the continent of Africa.
Buys the Black Star Steamship Line.
Deported in 1927 after he was found guilty of fraud.
*The National Origins Act of 1924
the National Origins Act (1924) establishes a quota system that limits immigration from any foreign country to 2% while completely excluding Asian immigration.
Farmers in the 1920s
New technologies (tractors, plows, etc.) help with mass production.
By mid-1920s, high tariffs and crop surpluses hurt crop prices.
Reliance on bank loans and over-production trap farmers in debt.
*Gay and Lesbian Americans in the 1920s
Bars and dance halls for “transvestism” and “gay crowds” hidden away with speakeasies.
Tolerance of homosexuality in the underground scene.
Understood popularly as a psychological disease.
Police crackdown on underground bars and clubs arresting gay men and women.
*The Harlem Renaissance
the Harlem Renaissance was about expressing the African American experience through art.
Books, Music, Art, and Poetry
Reaction to White Racism
Louis Armstrong, Langston Hughes, and Bessie “Ma” Smith
*Speakeasies and their Significance
Speakeasies in the cities; moonshine in rural areas.
Speakeasies ranged from elaborate ballrooms to underground basements.
Required passwords or membership cards.
Paid off police officers and hired guards.
Gender and racial boundaries break down in speakeasies.
*Urban Life in the 1920s
More electrified cities and homes.
Modern cities are developed with skyscrapers, cars, highways, and public services.
Changing Gender Roles in the 1920s/ “New Woman” of the 1920s
Greater freedom from traditional Victorian norms.
Feminists empower women to find fulfillment in their lives.
Makeup’s growing acceptance, changes in clothes, greater freedom in dating, etc.
Sex became less taboo with widespread acceptance and usage of “the pill.”
Greater emphasis on sexual satisfaction for both partners.
*Causes of the Great Depression
Stock Market Crash of 1929
Bank Failures
Overproduction of Manufactured Goods
Raised Interest Rates and a Tight Money Policy
Drought Conditions and Low Crop Prices for Farmers
*Significance of The First Fireside Chat: On the Banking Crisis (1933)
chats to america through the radio from fdr that gave hope
*The Social Security Act (1935)
Drafted by Frances Perkins and inspired by the Progressive era social-welfare programs.
Established an old age pension, unemployment insurance, survivor’s benefits, aid for disabled persons and dependent mothers.
Taxed employees’ paychecks to fund the program.
FDR and the Supreme Court/Court-Packing Plan
fdr proposed a plan to add a new justice for every one of 70, got a ton of critisicm
Roosevelt Coalition and the Election of 1936
Kansas Gov. Alfred Landon v. FDR
Landslide reelection showed the popularity of the New Deal.
Growth of the Roosevelt Coalition: Northern Cities, Immigrants, Southern Farmers, Labor Unions, Racial and Religious Minorities, Poor, and Intellectuals
Escapism v. Realism in Pop Culture during the 1930s
escapsim told stories to get away from reality while realism told about things happening
The Wagner Act of 1935
Guaranteed workers the right to bargain with their employers.
Prohibited employers from firing workers after a strike.
Created the National Labor Relations Board.
Farmers in the 1930s and the Dust Bowl
Reforms/Legislation on Banks
Congress created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).
The Glass-Steagall Act (1933)
Established two new loan agencies.
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Works Progress Administration (WPA)- Created public works projects nationwide.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)- Employed jobless youth in government nature projects.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)- Payments to farmers to stop planting crops and slaughter livestock.
Federal Securities Act of 1933
Federal Securities Act of 1933- Regulated the stock market by requiring companies to fully inform the government of stock offerings.
Eleanor Roosevelt
Had regular press conferences with only female journalists, wrote a regular advice column, and had a regular radio program.
Advocated for women’s rights, civil rights, and worker’s rights.
German American Bund and Nazism in the United States
Racial-superiority ideas already in place throughout the entire country.
Rise of anti-immigrant ideas and anti-Semitism.
Nazi-supporting organizations in the United States emerge.
Ideas fade into the shadows as war becomes more inevitable.
The War Production Board
Roosevelt creates the War Production Board to limit the amount of consumer goods produced.
A. Philip Randolph and the March on Washington
racial equality
Double V for Victory Campaign
“colored Americans adopt the double VV for a double victory.” Black soldiers would fight fascism on the battlefield—and African Americans would fight racial discrimination in the United States.
Japanese Americans and Internment Camps; “Yellow Peril”
Yellow Peril”
February 1942- Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066.
75,000 Japanese Americans Interned at Guarded Camps
Japanese Americans in armed service.
Good Neighbor Policy of the 1930s
Policy: renouncing any nation’s right to intervene in the affairs of another.
Removal of troops from Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
Termination of the Platt Amendment of Cuba
Growing isolationist mood by Americans as they see a world engulfed in conflict.
D-Day Invasion
largest assembly of troops ever to take france from nazis
Containment Policy
contain communism
Berlin Airlift
when berlin was split between soviets and us and soviets blockaded berlin, us sent supplies thru air
Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao Zedong
ationalist government led by Chiang Kai-Shek v. Communist government led by Mao Zedong
China falls to Mao, but Taiwan is created for the fleeing Nationalists in 1949.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
couple killed for being exposed as soviet spys of atomic energy
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAAC)
House Un-American Activities Committee (1947):
Main goal was to investigate and expose communist influences in American life.
Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chamber Controversy (1948)
Hollywood Blacklist
McCarthyism and Its Targets
wanted to investigate gays, radicals, and other prominent officals
Election of 1948
Republicans nominate moderate Thomas E. Dewey.
African American activists win key victories and pressure Truman.
Truman angered Southerners by desegregating the military, supporting anti-lynching legislation and anti-poll tax bills.
truman still wins in upset
Hollywood 10
hollywood actors called to testify, 10 refused and eere blacklisted
truman doctrine
Financially supporting the Greek Democratic Government.
Creation of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
The Fair Deal
Truman promotes liberalism with his Fair Deal.
Republicans control Congress in 1947
With an increase in economic activity, many union strikes break out for higher wages and benefits.
Truman vetoes the Taft-Hartley Act
Truman increased the minimum wage, protected Social Security, and built low-income housing.
Korean War Origins and Aftermath
The Soviet Union and the U.S. divided up the Korean Peninsula during the remainder of World War II.
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea in the North.
Republic of Korea in the South.
June 1950- North Korean troops invaded South Korea.
U.S. and U.N. coalition push back the North Koreans.General Douglas MacArthur leads U.N. coalition and invades North Korea.
China, fearing an invasion, sends troops to repel coalition.
Troops routed back into South Korea in an embarrassing defeat.
As a stalemate takes hold, MacArthur publicly denounces Truman.
Dwight Eisenhower and the Domino Theory
thought communism was like dominos
eisenhower was a good political middle ground
