History EoY - Paper 2 Revision Flashcards
When was the Battle of Hastings?
1066
What was The Harrying of The North?
This was when William sent soldiers to kill everyone who had rebelled against him. He destroyed villages and farms around the town of York, burning crops and killing livestock.
What were Motte and Bailey Castles?
These were some of the earliest castles. They were built by William The Conqueror to secure his territory. They were built on a mound of earth and made of wood.
What was an advantage of motte and bailey castles?
They could be built quickly.
What was a disadvantage of motte and bailey castles?
They were vulnerable to fire.
What was the Domesday Book?
The records of an early example of a census conducted by William to find out how much land and money people had and therefore how much tax they should pay him.
What was The Feudal System?
The Feudal System was a hierarchical system of social organisation.
What was the order of The Feudal System?
The King
Barons
Knights
Peasants
What language did William want the ruling class to use?
French
What were Barons’ roles?
Barons were given land if they swore they were loyal to William. Barons supplied the King with knights.
What were The Knights’ roles and what were they given in return for their service?
Barons supplied the King with knights to fight in battles and in turn gave some of their land to the knights, in exchange the knights protected the baron and his family.
What were Peasants’ roles?
They worked, but did not own, the land.
What was William of Normandy also known as?
William The Conqueror
Who was William of Normandy?
He was the first Norman king
of England, ruling England from 1066 - 1087.
Nobles
Rich landowners of high social status, for example lords & barons.
Peasants
Poor people of low social status who worked on the land.
Conquest
Taking control of a place or people by military force.
Rebellion
A violent protest, often with the aim of removing and replacing a leader.
Baron
A Norman landowner.
Tax
A sum of money paid to the government or king.
Census
An official count or survey, usually of a population.
Motte
The hill of dirt on which the castle keep was built.
Bailey
An open area below the castle, surrounded by a wooden fence.
Palisade
The wooden fence surrounding the bailey.
Moat
A ditch filled with water surrounding the castle.
Keep
The fortified wooden tower on the motte where the nobles lived.
Villein
A peasant who worked for the lord in return for land.
Serf
An agricultural labourer bound to his lord by the feudal system.
Freemen
Men who were free from most of their feudal duties to a lord.
Hierarchy
Where members of society are ranked according to their status.
What era did The Norman Conquest take place in?
The Middle Ages
What did people think Heaven and Hell were?
Real Places
What did people believe about heaven and hell?
They believed that they would go to heaven if they were good, but to hell if they were bad.
What did people believe Purgatory was?
This was a place where your sins were weighed and punishments were handed out.
What would the biggest building in a village or town normally be?
A Church
What was a Church?
It was a place of worship as well as a meeting place for the villagers. A church would have been a lively place full of people, laughter, conversation and activity.
Who were most churches run by?
A Local Priest
What is a priest?
A man trained to perform religious duties. He was a very important person in the village and played a part in everyoneʼs life from their birth to their death.
What were the mandatory skills for a priest to have?
To be able to read and speak Latin.
Why did Priests need to be able to read and speak Latin?
Latin was the language in which the Bible was written and in
which church services were held.
What were Doom Paintings?
They showed angels welcoming good people into heaven and devils boiling sinners in pots of oil.
What services did Monks and Nuns provide on top of their religious duties?
Monks and nuns also provided education, health care, alms and accommodation for travellers.
What is an example of The Power Struggle between the church and the monarchy?
The murder of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, during the reign of Henry II.
The Pope
The head of the Catholic Church.
The Archbishop of Canterbury
The most senior position of the Church in England.
Christians
People who follow Christianity, a religion based on the life and teaching of Jesus Christ.
Thomas Becket
First he was the Chancellor, in charge of the Kingʼs money, later he was appointed to the most senior church role in England.
Priest
A man specifically trained to undertake religious duties.
Monk/Nun
A member of a religious community of men / women.
Alms
Food, clothing or money given to the poorest people by the church.
Purgatory
The place between heaven and hell where you are punished for any sins you committed while alive.
Pilgrim
A person who travels to a holy place for religious reasons.
Pilgrimage
A journey of religious importance.
Indulgence
A ʻpassʼ purchased from a bishop to help you go through purgatory quickly.
Excommunicated
When someone has been officially excluded from the church.
Interdict
If the King disobeyed the Pope the pope could put his kingdom under an interdict, meaning all church services were suspended.
Heredy
A crime where you were charged with disagreeing with the church.
