History EoY - Paper 1 Revision Content Flashcards
Y8 Topic 1 - Henrician Reformation, The Black Death & The Peasants Revolt
Act of Supremacy
A law passed by Parliament which led to the creation of the Church of England.
Altar
The table in the Christian Church where the priest performs the Holy Communion.
Book of Common Prayer
A book of prayers used for Church of England services and written in English.
Annulment
Declaration (usually from the Pope) that a marriage is invalid.
Break With Rome
England’s decision to leave the Roman Catholic Church in 1534.
Cardinal
A senior member of the Catholic Church hierarchy.
Catholic
One of the three major branches of Christianity, led from Rome by the Pope.
Celibate
Choosing to remain unmarried and abstain from sexual relations, usually for religious reasons.
Dissolution of The Monastries
The closure of religious houses by Henry VIII.
Excommunication
A form of censure where a person is excluded from the
communion, rites and sacraments of the church.
Heretic
Someone with beliefs that question or contradict the established church.
Holy Roman Empire
A collection of central European states that developed during the
medieval period. Led by Charles V.
Indulgence
A forgiveness of one’s sins purchased from the medieval (Catholic) Church.
Iconoclasm
A person who attacks, criticises or destroys images or icons used in religious worship.
Mass
The central act of worship in the Catholic Church when holy communion is taken.
Oath of Supremacy
An oath of allegiance to the monarch as Supreme head of the Church.
Protestant
A form of Christianity which emerged during 1500’s in protest against Catholicism.
Reformation
A movement to reform the Christian church - beginning is associated with the 95 theses of Martin Luther.
Relic
An object of religious significance, often the physical or personal remains of a saint.
Sacraments
A religious ceremony or ritual. The Catholic church has 7 sacraments.
Stained Glass
Decorative coloured glass often found in the windows of churches and cathedrals.
Supreme Head of The Church
Title granted to Henry VIII following the Act of Supremacy.
Transubstantiation
The change of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ during Communion.
Vestments
Garments worn by Christian clergymen, colourful and decorated for Catholics.
1509
Henry VIII becomes King of England.
1517
Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the
church door in Wittenberg.
1521
Henry VIII writes ‘Defence of the Seven Sacraments’ attacking Martin Luther.
1533
Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn.
1534
The Act of Supremacy starts the English Reformation.
1536
Dissolution of the monasteries begins.
1536
(Octo) The Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion against Henry VIII.
1539
Parliament passes the Six Articles and the Great Bible is published.
1547
Henry VIII died aged 57. Edward VI who has been raised as a protestant is crowned as monarch.
Henry VIII
King of England from 1509 to 1547 who had six wives and started the English Reformation.
Anne Boleyn
Henry VIII’s second wife executed in 1536 for adultery.
Edward VI
Son of Henry and Jane Seymour.
Catherine of Argon
Henry VIII’s Spanish first wife and aunt to Charles V.
Martin Luther
A German monk and theologian who helped to start the reformation
Pope Leo X
Head of The Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States 1513-1521.
Which era did the Henrician Reformation take place in?
The Early Modern Era
When did The Black Death occur?
1348
What was The Black Death?
The Black Death refers to a time when two different kinds of plague - bubonic and pneumonic - struck simultaneously.
How many people were killed worldwide by The Black Death?
75 Million
What proportion of England’s population were killed by The Black Death?
1/3
What was The Bubonic Plague caused by?
A germ that lived in the blood of black rats and in the
fleas on their bodies.
How did The Bubonic plague spread?
The disease was spread when a flea jumped off a rat onto a human and bit them, injecting a small amount of infected blood.
What symptoms would victims of The Bubonic Plague have?
Victims would get a fever, large boils called buboes in their armpits, groin and behind their ears, and a rash of red and black spots.
How long did The Bubonic Plague illness last?
Around a week.
What proportion of people would die from The Bubonic Plague.
Seven out of ten.
What was The Pneumonic Plague caused by?
The pneumonic plague was caused by the same germ but the way you caught the disease was different.
How did you catch The Pneumonic Plague?
You became ill by breathing infected air.
What did The Pneumonic Plague do to your body?
The disease attacked the lungs, causing them to rot inside the body.
What were some symptoms of The Pneumonic Plague?
Victims had bad breath, they coughed up blood and
spread germs as they sneezed.
How long did you have left to live if you caught The Pneumonic Plague?
Less than a week.
When did The Peasants’ Revolt occur?
1381
How did The Peasants’ Revolt occur?
When a large group of approximately 60,000 peasants marched from South East England to London to protest against high taxes and low wages.
What happened at the start of The Peasants’ Revolt?
The angry mob ran riot in London, burning the houses of the rich, storming Newgate and Westminster prisons, and ultimately killing the Archbishop of Canterbury and the treasurer.
Did the king agree to meet with The Peasants?
Yes
Who was killed at the King’s meating with The Peasants?
Wat Tyler, The Peasants’ leader.
How did The King calm down The Peasants?
By agreeing to their demands as long as they returned home.
What were The Peasants’ demands?
End serfdom.
Pardon the rebels.
Punish the kingʼs unpopular advisers.
What did The King do after The Peasants had all returned home?
The King went back on his word, tracking down and killing the leaders of the rebellion and cancelling all of the concessions he had made to the rebels.
Who was Richard II?
Richard II was ten years old when he became King of England in 1377. He ruled until he was deposed in 1399.
Who was Wat Tyler?
Wat Tyler was a peasant from Kent who emerged as a natural leader during the peasants revolt. He was beheaded & his head paraded through London before being placed on a spike on London Bridge.
Who was John Ball?
John Ball was a priest who made speeches saying peasants deserved more from life. He was one of the leaders of the Peasantsʼ Revolt. He was hung, drawn and quartered as punishment for his role in the revolt.
Plague
A very infectious disease that spreads quickly & kills large numbers of people.
Contagion
The spreading of disease or illness from one person to another.
Pasteurella Pestis
The germ that caused the Black Death.
Boil
Tender, red, painful lumps.
Flagellant
People who whip themselves or someone else for religious reasons.
Apothecary
A person who prepared and sold medicines.
Barber Surgeon
A man who performed surgery and dentistry as well as cutting hair.
Blood Letting
The practice of making someone bleed to help cure an illness.
Purging
Making someone sick or go to the toilet in the belief that this will cure illness.
Four Humours
A theory about the causes of illness.
Protest
An action to show that a person or group are unhappy about something.
Revolt
A violent protest,often with the aim of removing and replacing a leader.
Statute of Labourers
A law which fixed peasants wages at pre-Black Death levels.
Poll Tax
An unpopular tax collected to fund the Hundred Years War against France.
What era did The Black Death & The Peasants’ revolt occur in?
The Middle Ages
