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Chiro Essentials Microbio > History and Viruses > Flashcards

History and Viruses Flashcards

1
Q 
Historic White Dudes Pt 1
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Girolama Fracastoro
Robert Hooke
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Ignazio Semmelweiss
A

Lazzaro Spallanzani: evidence to refure theory of spontaneous generation of life
Girolama Fracastoro: suggested transferable spores caused disease
Robert Hooke: first to see cells in thin slices of cork using crude microscope
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek: inventor of microscope
Ignazio Semmelweiss: hand washing 19th C

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2
Q 
Historic White Dudes Pt 2
Joseph Lister
Edward Jenner
Robert Kock
Hans Christian Gram
Louis Pasteur
A

Joseph Lister: surgical asepsis using carbolic acid
Edward Jenner: smallpox vaccine from cox pox in milkmaids
Robert Kock: father of microbio ID bacillus that created anthrax and 4 postulates (later card)
Hans Christian Gram: 7 step process for staining bacteria (later card)
Louis Pasteur: invented pasteurization, proposed germ theory, developed vax against rabies and anthrax

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3
Q

4 postulates of Robert Kock

A

1) agent must be found in all pts w/disease
2) must be able to prep a pure culture of agent
3) injected agent must cause same disease in new pt
4) must recover same org from newly infected pt

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4
Q

7 steps of gram staining

A

1) Crystal violet (blue) leave 1 minutes
2) wash off H2O
3) Iodine (mordant-fixer) leave 1 minutes
4) wash off H2O
5) acetone alcohol 5 s
6) counter stain w/safranin (red) for 20s
7) wash off H2O

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5
Q 
Historic White Dudes Pt 3
Paul Ehrlich
Alexander Fleming
Dmitri Ivanowski
Ernst Ruska
Fredrick Griffith
A

Paul Ehrlich: chemicals that kill syphilis, sulfa drugs and salvarsan
Alexander Fleming: discovered penicillin
Dmitri Ivanowski: 1st to postulate existence of viruses while working w/infected tobacco plants
Ernst Ruska: 1st electron microscope to prove existence of viruses
Fredrick Griffith: Discovered transformation of non-virulent bacteria to more virulent form

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6
Q 
Historic White Dudes Pt 4
Walter Reed
Jonas Salk
Albert Sabin
Stanley Prusiner
Barry Marshall
A

Walter Reed: mosquitoes carry yellow fever
Jonas Salk: vax from killed polio organisms
Albert Sabin: vax from attenuated live polio virus
Stanley Prusiner: coined prion for protein particle diseases (mad cow and Creutzfeld Jacob)
Barry Marshall: PUD caused by H. Pylori

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7
Q

Compare microbio of virus, bacteria

A

Virus: acellular, no nucleus, can have DNA or RNA, chromosomes are nucleocapsid, no ribosomes, cell wall or membrane sterols
Bacteria: prokaryote, no nucleus, has DNA and RNA, 1 chromosome 70S ribosome, peptidoglycan cell wall and no membrane sterols

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8
Q

Compare fungi and parasite cell makeup

A

Fungi: eukaryote, DNA and RNA, >1 chromosome, 80S ribosome, chitin cell wall, ergosterol in membrane
Parasites: Eukaryotes with DNA and RNA, >1 chromosome, 80S ribosome, no cell wall but steral membrane

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9
Q

Define:
Pathogenicity
Invasion
Virulence

A

Path: ability to cause disease
Inv: ability to penetrate hose defense (C. perfringens has collagenase and S. Aureus has hyaluronidase)
Virulence: ability to cause serious illness, some micro-org produce toxins harmful to humans (Clost botulinum)

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10
Q 
Define, example
Nosocomial
Iatrogenic
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
A

Nosocomial: hospital acquired infxn - C. Diff
Iatrogenic: disease caused by health pros; not wash hands
Symbiosis: two dissimilar orgs living together
Commensalism: normal bacterial flora - non path E. coli so anaerobes can grow
Parasitism: one org benefits and other harmed; intestinal worms (hookworms) cause iron def anemia
Mutualism: both org benefit; Vit K producing bacteria like E. Coli

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11
Q 
Bacterial growth phases!
Lag
Log
Stationary
Death
A

Lag: # of cells constant in prep for growth; met activity w/o division
Log: exponential growth
Stationary: new growth matches rate where they die off as organism runs out of nutrients
Death: all nutrients used up and bacteria start to die due to buildup of waste products

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12
Q

Disease triangle

A

Host - human, agent - microbe, environement

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13
Q

How do viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites promote survival?

A

Viruses - antigenic shift
Bacteria and fungi - spores
Parasites - cysts

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14
Q

Double stranded RNA viruses

A

REO, Rota virus

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15
Q

RNA single stranded - sense viuses

A 
Paramyxo (mump/measles)
Rhabdo (rabies)
Orthomyxo (HN influenza)
Filo (Ebola)
Arena (Lassa fever)
Bunya (CEE, congo fever)
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16
Q

RNA single stranded + sense non-enveloped icosahedral viruses

A 
Calici (Norwalk, Hep E)
Polio
Echo (meningitis)
Rhino (URTI)
Coxsackie (diarrhea, HFM)
Hep A
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17
Q

RNA single stranded + sense enveloped icosahedral viruses

A

Flavi (hep C, yellow fever, dengue, west nice, St. Louis encephalitis)
Retro (HIV)
Toga (Rubella, WEE< VEE)

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18
Q

RNA single stranded + sense enveloped helical viruses

A

Corona (cold, SARS, MERS)

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19
Q

DNA single stranded viruses

A

Parvo B19 (5th disease)

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20
Q

DNA double stranded naked viruses

A

HPV
Adeno (pharyngitits, conjunctivitis)
Polyoma (JC/BC)

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21
Q

DNA double stranded enveloped viruses

A

HepaDNA (Hep B)
Pox (variola, molluscum contagiosum)
HSV 1-8

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22
Q

How is herpes simplex 1/2 spread?

A

Direct contact

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23
Q

How is HHV Type 3 spread?

A

Aerosol droplets - chickenpox

Direct contact - herpes zoster

24
Q

Mono is which virus, spread by? S/S? This virus can also cause?

A 
HHV 4 (EBV), mucousal contact (kissing)
Sore throat, fatigue, cervical lymphadenoopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, downey cells, + Paul Bunnel
Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
25
Q

CMV is caused by? causing?

A 
HHV type 5
Interstitial pneumonia (immunocompromised), congenital abnormalities, brain calcification, hepatosplenomegaly
26
Q

Roseola infantium is also known as? Caused by? S/S?

A

Exanthema subitum, 6th disease
HHV 6/7
rash in kids after fever

27
Q

Slapped Cheek Syndrome is also known as? Caused by? S/S?

A

Erythema infectiosum/5th disease
ParvoB19
red rash on both cheeks following a fever

28
Q

Viral conjunctivits caused? Spread? S/S?

A

Adeno virus aerosol droplet

Pink eye

29
Q

Guarneri inclusion bodies in epidermis is seen with?

A

Smallpox

30
Q

Mulluscm contagiosum cause? spread by? S/S?

A

Pox virus by direct contact

Papular lesions w/central indentation (umbilication)

31
Q

Measles also called? Cause? s/s?

A

Rubeola, 1st disease
Paramyxo virus by aerosol droplets
Koplik spots, coryza, conjunctivitis, fine maculopapular erythematous rash

32
Q

Mumps Cause? s/s?

A

Paramyxo virus, direct contact w/saliva and aerosol droplets

Parotitis, pancreatitits, orchitis

33
Q

Rubella also called? Cause? s/s?

A

German Measles, 3rd disease
Toga RNA virus spread by aerosol droplets
Sore throat, cervical lymph nodes, fine maculopapular eythematous rash

34
Q

Influence: Cause? s/s?

A

Orthomyxo

Fever, sore throat, severe myalgia

35
Q

1st MC cause of cold? 2nd?

A

Rhino, corona

36
Q

Croup cause? S/S?

A

Parainfluenza virus, barking cough, stridor, hoarseness

37
Q

Childhood dysentery cause? S/S?

A

Coxsackie virus, diarrhea, blood in stool, HFM disease

38
Q

Rabies cause? S/S?

A

Rhabdo RNA virus as Negri bodies in brain (raccoon, bat, skunk, dog bites)
Hydrophobia, dysphagia, agitation, paralysis, coma

39
Q

Arboviruses:

A

Encephalitis: Western and Venezualin Equine - flavi and california (bunya)
Yellow fever: flavi by Aedes aegypti mosquito (jaundice)
West Nile (Flavi) culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti mosquite
Dengue/breakbone fever: flavi - aedes aegypti

40
Q

What test detects anthrax bacilli?

A

Ascoli

41
Q

What test separates Staphylococci (+) from streptococcus (-)?

A

Catalase

42
Q

Dick test/Schultz Carlton reaction tests positive with?

A

Scarlet fever

43
Q

Shick test is for?

A

Diphtheria

44
Q

Blood agar is for what?
Beta (complete)?
Alpha (partial)?
Gamma?

A

Most bacteria
Strep pyogenes
Strep pneumoniae
Strep faecalis (enterococcus faecali)

45
Q

Bordetella pertussis culture medium is?

A

Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar

Regan-Lowe Agar

46
Q

Chocolate agar is the medium for ? (Aka lysed sheep blood agar)

A

Hemophilus, Neisseria

47
Q

Mycoplasma pneumiae culture medium is?

A

Eaton’s agar

48
Q

Hektoen enteric agar is the culture medium for?

A

Salmonella and Shigella

49
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae culture medium?

A 
Loefflers medium (horse serum, beef broth, dextrose)
Tellurite agar
50
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen/Middlebrook culture medium is for?

A

Mycobacterium

51
Q

What culture medium inhibits the growth of Gram + bacteria (promotes gram - lactose-fermenting)?

A

MacConkey’s agar

52
Q

What medium cultures viruses?

A

Purified Chick Embryo Culture

53
Q

Sabouraud medium has a low pH medium w/gentamicin to inhibit bacterial growth … so what does it grow?

A

Fungi organisms

54
Q

Thayer-Martin medium (chocolate agar + vancomycin and nystatin) is the culture for?

A

N. Gonorrhoeae

55
Q

Vibrio cholera needs what culture medium?

A

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS)

Chiro Essentials Microbio (3 decks)

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