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Chiro Essentials Microbio > Bacteria > Flashcards

Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Ziehl Neelsen Stain bacteria

A

Mycobacterium
M. TB
. leprae

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2
Q

Gram - Cocci

A

Neisseria (gonorrhea, meningitidis)

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3
Q

Gram - comma

A

Vibrio (cholera)

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4
Q

Gram - bacillus
non-enteric
enteric

A

Ne: Bartonella henselae, bordetella pertussis, brucella abortus, L. pneumophilia, francisella tularensis, pseudomonas aeruginosa H. ducreyi
E: salmonella typhi, H. pylori, Yersinia pestis, serratia marcescens, proteus mirablis, E. Coli, K. phenumoniae, shegella sonnie/flexneri

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5
Q

Gram + Cocci

A

Staph (arueus, saprophyticus, pneumoniae, pyogenes, viridans, agalactiae)

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6
Q

Gram + bacilus

A

antrhacis, cereus
Clostridium - diff, tetani, perfringins, botulinum
Corynebacterium - diphtheriae

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7
Q

Which bacteria lack cell wall?

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical walking peumonia)

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8
Q

Which bacteria have a flexible cell wall

A 
(spirochete)
Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis) trachomatis (A/b/C trachoma, D-K Reiter's, L1-3 lymphogranuloma venereum)
Rickettsia: rickettsii (rocky mountain spotted fever ticks), prowazekii (epidimic typhus - lice), typhi (murine endomic typhus - rat fleas), quntana (trench fever - lice), tsutsugamishi (scrub typhus - mites)
Coxiella burnetti (Q fever)
Ehrlichia chaffeensis (tick)
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9
Q

Staph aureus can cause:

A

Scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock, impetigo, osteomyelitis, carbuncles, acute bacteril endocarditis

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10
Q

Staph saprophyticus

A

MC UTI in teenagers, no nitrite in urine

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11
Q

Strep pyogenes can cause

A

Rheumatic fever, impetigo, erysipelas, glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever

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12
Q

Alpha-hemolytic strep in dental cavities and subacute bacteral endocarditits

A

Strep viridans

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13
Q

Strep pneumoniae can cause?

A

Meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia (rust coloured sputum sinusitis)

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14
Q

Srep Agalactiae causes:

A

Meningitis and septicemia in newborn

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15
Q

Neisseria

gonorrhoeae and meningitidis cause and ID in?

A

Thayer-Martin chocolate agar
G: gonorrhea, septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum
M: meningitis and meningococcemia

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16
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen medium is used to ID?

A

Mycobacterium TB

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17
Q

Wool sorter’s disease with malignant pustule (bactermeia and death)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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18
Q

What causes food poisoning (esp fried rice)?

A

Bcillus cereus

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19
Q

Botulism

A

C. botulinum - blocks ACH release at neuromuscular junction, diplopia, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis

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20
Q

Pseudomonas colitis caused by?

A

C. diff normal gut flora

Four smelling stool

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21
Q

Tetanus is caused by?

A

Clostridium tetani, cause muscle spasm and trismus (lockjaw)

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22
Q

Gas gangrene is caused by?

A

Clostridium perfringens

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23
Q

Diphtheria S/S?

A

Chinese-letters appearance of corynebacterium diphtheria, gray pseudo-membrane in throat, bacteriophages release exotoxin and damage heart, muscle, nerve, Shick test positive

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24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes is from?

A

Unpasteruized milk/cheese

25
Q

What is the gram negative enteric bacillus that causes fever, diarrhea and blood and pus in the stool

A

Compylobacter jejuni

26
Q

What causes bubonic plague? Vector?

A

Yersinia pestis, rat fleas

27
Q

How long does it take salmonella enterides to cause food poisoning?

A

1-2 days

28
Q

Symptoms of salmonella typhi

A

Low grade step ladder fever, diarrhea, rose spots on abdomen

29
Q

Proteus mirablis causes?

A

UTI

30
Q

People with red coloured pus coming out of their burns probably have?

A

Serratia marcescens

31
Q

Cat-scratches can transmit?

A

Bartonella henselae

32
Q

Fever with an undulating pattern with a vector of cows, goats, swine?

A

Brucellosis/undulant fever - brucella abortus

33
Q

Atypical pneumonia cause, from?

A

Legionella pneumophila, AC

34
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is? Produces what S/S? Seen in what pathologies?

A

Non-lactose fermenting, oxidase + enteric bacillus
Blue-green pus (pyocyanin, pyoverdin)
Burns, pneumonia, sepsis, externalotitis, UTI, drug use osteomyelitis

35
Q

What causes pink eye?

A

Hemophilus aegypti/Kock-Weeks bacillus

36
Q

Vibrio cholerae vs vulnificus

A

Gram - enteric, exotoxin + cAMP increases fluid secretion from gut –> rice water stool
Gram - non-enteric, sea water/food, cause necrotizing fasciitis, or food poisoning (oysters)

37
Q 
Which pathogen causes these fevers?
Q fever?
Rocky Mountain spotted?
Recurrent/relapsing?
Rabbit?
Undulant (Malta)
Rheumatic/Scarlet?
A

Q fever: coxiella burnetti
Rocky Mountain spotted: rickettsia rickettsii
Recurrent/relapsing: Borrelia recurrentis
Rabbit: francisella tularemia
Undulant (Malta): Brucella abortus
Rheumatic/Scarlet: Strep pyogenes

38
Q 
Which pathogen causes this typhus?
Murine/Endemic
Epidemic
Scrub
Thyphoid fever
A

Murine/Endemic: Rickettsia typhi
Epidemic: Rickettsia prowazekii
Scrub: Rickettsia Tsutsugamishi
Thyphoid fever: Salmonella typhi

39
Q 
Describe the food poisoning symptoms caused by:
Staph aureus:
Clostridium botulinum:
Clostridium perfringens:
Salmonella enterides:
Campylobacter jejuni:
E. COli:
A

Staph aureus: 2-4 hrs later, vomiting, diarrhea
Clostridium botulinum: 6-8 hrs later, vomiting, flaccid paralyis, diplopia, dysphagia
Clostridium perfringens: 10-12 hrs, vomiting, diarrhea
Salmonella enterides: 12-24 hrs, fever
Campylobacter jejuni: 1-7 days, fever vomiting, diarrhea, MC cause
E. Coli: 1-10 days,

40
Q

Which pathogen causes this form of dysentery?
Traveler’s diarrhea/Montezuma’s revenge, Delhi belly:
Hiker’s diarrhea:
Bacillary:
Amebic:
Childhood:
Infantile gastroenteritis:

A 
Traveler's diarrhea: E. Coli
Hiker's diarrhea: Giardia lamblia
Bacillary: Shigella dyseteriae
Amebic: Entameba histolytics
Childhood: Coxsackie viruses
Infantile gastroenteritis: Rotavirus of REO family
41
Q 
What pathogen causes meningitis in this population:
Neonates
Kids
Adolescents/adults
Elderly
HIV/AIDS
A 
Neonates - E. Coli
Kids - H. influenzae
Adolescents/adults - N. Meningitidis
Elderly - Strep pneumoniae
HIV/AIDS - Cryptococcus Neoformans
42
Q 
Which antibiotics do this?
Block cell wall synthesis?
Cause wall damage?
Block nucleotide synthesis?
Prevent DNA rep? RNA?
Block protein synth?
A

Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin
Bacitracin, polymyxin
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim
Metronidazole and quinolones (cirpofloxacin), rifampicin
50S Chloramphenicol, clindamycin and 30S tetracycline, streptomycin, neomycin

43
Q

We use darkfield microscopy for?

A

Treponema, Borrelia, Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti

44
Q

E. Coli stain?

A

Eosin-methylene blue

45
Q

Indian ink is used to stain?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (owl-eye appearance)

46
Q

Fungal infection microscopic technique?

A

Wood’s lamp (fluorescent)

47
Q

Wright-Giemsa stain?

A

Spirochetes (syphilis), pneumocystis, protozoal parasites

48
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

49
Q

What blood test do you use for a recent streptococcal infection (rheumatic fever or post-strep glomerulonephritis)?

A

Anti-Streptolysin O titer >160 Todd units

O stimulates ab

50
Q

Coombs test is used for?

A

Rhesus factor (erythroblastosis fetalis), hemolytic anemia

51
Q

ELISA is used for?

A

HIV, Lyme disease

sensitive but not specific

52
Q

FTA-ABS is used for?

A

Confirmation for syphilis

53
Q

Special test for Chlamydia organisms?

A

Ligase chain reaction

54
Q

What is the test used to detect mycobacterium leprae?

A

Mitsuda test (intradermal injection of lepromin)

55
Q

Paul Bunnel test uses sheep RBC to detect?

A

MONO

56
Q

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is a screening test for?

A

Syphilis

57
Q

VDRL screens for?

False positives?

A

Syphilis

Viruses, drugs, rheumatic fever, leprosy, SLE

58
Q

What blood test is positive for Rickettsiae?

A

Weli-Felix

59
Q

What blood test is for Typhoid fever?

A

Widal test

Chiro Essentials Microbio (3 decks)

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