Bacteria Flashcards
Ziehl Neelsen Stain bacteria
Mycobacterium
M. TB
. leprae
Gram - Cocci
Neisseria (gonorrhea, meningitidis)
Gram - comma
Vibrio (cholera)
Gram - bacillus
non-enteric
enteric
Ne: Bartonella henselae, bordetella pertussis, brucella abortus, L. pneumophilia, francisella tularensis, pseudomonas aeruginosa H. ducreyi
E: salmonella typhi, H. pylori, Yersinia pestis, serratia marcescens, proteus mirablis, E. Coli, K. phenumoniae, shegella sonnie/flexneri
Gram + Cocci
Staph (arueus, saprophyticus, pneumoniae, pyogenes, viridans, agalactiae)
Gram + bacilus
antrhacis, cereus
Clostridium - diff, tetani, perfringins, botulinum
Corynebacterium - diphtheriae
Which bacteria lack cell wall?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (atypical walking peumonia)
Which bacteria have a flexible cell wall
(spirochete) Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis) trachomatis (A/b/C trachoma, D-K Reiter's, L1-3 lymphogranuloma venereum) Rickettsia: rickettsii (rocky mountain spotted fever ticks), prowazekii (epidimic typhus - lice), typhi (murine endomic typhus - rat fleas), quntana (trench fever - lice), tsutsugamishi (scrub typhus - mites) Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) Ehrlichia chaffeensis (tick)
Staph aureus can cause:
Scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock, impetigo, osteomyelitis, carbuncles, acute bacteril endocarditis
Staph saprophyticus
MC UTI in teenagers, no nitrite in urine
Strep pyogenes can cause
Rheumatic fever, impetigo, erysipelas, glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever
Alpha-hemolytic strep in dental cavities and subacute bacteral endocarditits
Strep viridans
Strep pneumoniae can cause?
Meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia (rust coloured sputum sinusitis)
Srep Agalactiae causes:
Meningitis and septicemia in newborn
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae and meningitidis cause and ID in?
Thayer-Martin chocolate agar
G: gonorrhea, septic arthritis, ophthalmia neonatorum
M: meningitis and meningococcemia
Lowenstein-Jensen medium is used to ID?
Mycobacterium TB
Wool sorter’s disease with malignant pustule (bactermeia and death)
Bacillus anthracis
What causes food poisoning (esp fried rice)?
Bcillus cereus
Botulism
C. botulinum - blocks ACH release at neuromuscular junction, diplopia, dysphagia, flaccid paralysis
Pseudomonas colitis caused by?
C. diff normal gut flora
Four smelling stool
Tetanus is caused by?
Clostridium tetani, cause muscle spasm and trismus (lockjaw)
Gas gangrene is caused by?
Clostridium perfringens
Diphtheria S/S?
Chinese-letters appearance of corynebacterium diphtheria, gray pseudo-membrane in throat, bacteriophages release exotoxin and damage heart, muscle, nerve, Shick test positive
Listeria monocytogenes is from?
Unpasteruized milk/cheese
What is the gram negative enteric bacillus that causes fever, diarrhea and blood and pus in the stool
Compylobacter jejuni
What causes bubonic plague? Vector?
Yersinia pestis, rat fleas
How long does it take salmonella enterides to cause food poisoning?
1-2 days
Symptoms of salmonella typhi
Low grade step ladder fever, diarrhea, rose spots on abdomen
Proteus mirablis causes?
UTI
People with red coloured pus coming out of their burns probably have?
Serratia marcescens
Cat-scratches can transmit?
Bartonella henselae
Fever with an undulating pattern with a vector of cows, goats, swine?
Brucellosis/undulant fever - brucella abortus
Atypical pneumonia cause, from?
Legionella pneumophila, AC
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is? Produces what S/S? Seen in what pathologies?
Non-lactose fermenting, oxidase + enteric bacillus
Blue-green pus (pyocyanin, pyoverdin)
Burns, pneumonia, sepsis, externalotitis, UTI, drug use osteomyelitis
What causes pink eye?
Hemophilus aegypti/Kock-Weeks bacillus
Vibrio cholerae vs vulnificus
Gram - enteric, exotoxin + cAMP increases fluid secretion from gut –> rice water stool
Gram - non-enteric, sea water/food, cause necrotizing fasciitis, or food poisoning (oysters)
Which pathogen causes these fevers? Q fever? Rocky Mountain spotted? Recurrent/relapsing? Rabbit? Undulant (Malta) Rheumatic/Scarlet?
Q fever: coxiella burnetti
Rocky Mountain spotted: rickettsia rickettsii
Recurrent/relapsing: Borrelia recurrentis
Rabbit: francisella tularemia
Undulant (Malta): Brucella abortus
Rheumatic/Scarlet: Strep pyogenes
Which pathogen causes this typhus? Murine/Endemic Epidemic Scrub Thyphoid fever
Murine/Endemic: Rickettsia typhi
Epidemic: Rickettsia prowazekii
Scrub: Rickettsia Tsutsugamishi
Thyphoid fever: Salmonella typhi
Describe the food poisoning symptoms caused by: Staph aureus: Clostridium botulinum: Clostridium perfringens: Salmonella enterides: Campylobacter jejuni: E. COli:
Staph aureus: 2-4 hrs later, vomiting, diarrhea
Clostridium botulinum: 6-8 hrs later, vomiting, flaccid paralyis, diplopia, dysphagia
Clostridium perfringens: 10-12 hrs, vomiting, diarrhea
Salmonella enterides: 12-24 hrs, fever
Campylobacter jejuni: 1-7 days, fever vomiting, diarrhea, MC cause
E. Coli: 1-10 days,
Which pathogen causes this form of dysentery?
Traveler’s diarrhea/Montezuma’s revenge, Delhi belly:
Hiker’s diarrhea:
Bacillary:
Amebic:
Childhood:
Infantile gastroenteritis:
Traveler's diarrhea: E. Coli Hiker's diarrhea: Giardia lamblia Bacillary: Shigella dyseteriae Amebic: Entameba histolytics Childhood: Coxsackie viruses Infantile gastroenteritis: Rotavirus of REO family
What pathogen causes meningitis in this population: Neonates Kids Adolescents/adults Elderly HIV/AIDS
Neonates - E. Coli Kids - H. influenzae Adolescents/adults - N. Meningitidis Elderly - Strep pneumoniae HIV/AIDS - Cryptococcus Neoformans
Which antibiotics do this? Block cell wall synthesis? Cause wall damage? Block nucleotide synthesis? Prevent DNA rep? RNA? Block protein synth?
Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin
Bacitracin, polymyxin
Sulfonamides, trimethoprim
Metronidazole and quinolones (cirpofloxacin), rifampicin
50S Chloramphenicol, clindamycin and 30S tetracycline, streptomycin, neomycin
We use darkfield microscopy for?
Treponema, Borrelia, Microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti
E. Coli stain?
Eosin-methylene blue
Indian ink is used to stain?
Cryptococcus neoformans (owl-eye appearance)
Fungal infection microscopic technique?
Wood’s lamp (fluorescent)
Wright-Giemsa stain?
Spirochetes (syphilis), pneumocystis, protozoal parasites
Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What blood test do you use for a recent streptococcal infection (rheumatic fever or post-strep glomerulonephritis)?
Anti-Streptolysin O titer >160 Todd units
O stimulates ab
Coombs test is used for?
Rhesus factor (erythroblastosis fetalis), hemolytic anemia
ELISA is used for?
HIV, Lyme disease
sensitive but not specific
FTA-ABS is used for?
Confirmation for syphilis
Special test for Chlamydia organisms?
Ligase chain reaction
What is the test used to detect mycobacterium leprae?
Mitsuda test (intradermal injection of lepromin)
Paul Bunnel test uses sheep RBC to detect?
MONO
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is a screening test for?
Syphilis
VDRL screens for?
False positives?
Syphilis
Viruses, drugs, rheumatic fever, leprosy, SLE
What blood test is positive for Rickettsiae?
Weli-Felix
What blood test is for Typhoid fever?
Widal test
