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chiro essentials microbio > Fungi and Parasites > Flashcards

Fungi and Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms can cause tinea capitis, corporis, curis, pedis, manum, ungium?

A

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

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2
Q

Malassezia furfur causes? S/S?

A

Pityriasis versicolur - meatballs and spaghetti appearance on KOH prepared skin scrapings

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3
Q

What can you tell me about Candida Albicans?

A

Dimorphic, cold is mould, warm is yeast and can cause oral or vaginal thrust (thick, white, cheesey discharge)

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4
Q

What can Rose gardeners pick up? S/S?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Bumps along lymph channels in leg or forearm

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5
Q

Madurella grisea causes?

A

Chronic infxn of food, swollen, draining sinuses

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6
Q

Fungi grow best in what medium?

A

Sabouraud

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7
Q

Black nodules on hair?!! You suspect this fungus to be at fault!

A

Piedra hortae

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8
Q

White or beige nodules on your hair? You picked up what fungus?

A

Trichosporum Beigelli

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9
Q

What do you suspect to cause warty lesions on woodcutter’s feet? (Madura foot)

A

Madurella mycetomatis or grisea

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10
Q

Ohio valley fever (mississippi too) is caused by? Spread by? Causes?

A

Histoplasma cpsulatum
Inhalation of spores, bat or chicken droppings
Asymptomatic in immunocompetent ppl and hide in macrophages but can affect lung, spleen, liver, adrenals

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11
Q

San Joaquin Valley fever is caused by? Spread by? S/S?

A

Coccidioidtes Immitis
Inhalation of spores (SW US deserts)
Lung infxn,joint pain, erythema nodusum (legs)

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12
Q

North American Blastomycosis is caused by? Transmitted through? SS?

A

Blasomyces dermatidis, East coast US
Inhalation of spores
Skin, bone, lung infxn

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13
Q

South American Blastomycosis is caused by? Transmitted through? SS?

A

Paracoccidioides brasiiensis
inhalation of spores (latin america)
Mouth and nose ulcerations

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14
Q

Which opportunistic fungi affect HIV/AIDS patients?

A

Aspergillus fumigatus (hemoptysis), cryptococcus neoformans (meningitis, brain abscess, pneumonia), candida albicns (thrush), pneumocystis jiroveci (ground glass pneumonia)

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15
Q

What causes Chagas disease and what is the vector? S/S?

A

Trypanosoma Cruzi
Reduviid sand fly bite
Dysphagia, heart failure (mega esophagus, dilated cardiomegaly)

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16
Q

What causes sleeping sickness and what is the vector?

A

Trypanosoma Gambiense

Tetse fly bite

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17
Q

A phlebotomous sandly bite can transmit what parasites? S/S?

A

Leishmania donovania - kala azar hepatosplenomegaly

Leishmania Brasilliensis - espundia mucocutaneous ulcerations

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18
Q

What tapeworm can you get from:
Pork?
Beef?
Dog feces?

A

Taenia solium
Taenia saginata
Echinococcus granulosus

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19
Q

What is the largest fish tapeworm?

Smallest tapeworm?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Hymenolepis nana

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20
Q

What causes River blindness disease and what is the vector?

A

Onchocera volvulus

Simulium blackfly bite

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21
Q

What parasite causes elephantiasis disease and what is the vector?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Aedes aegypti mosquito

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22
Q

What causes eye worm disease and what is the vector?

A

Loa loa

Chrysops fly bite

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23
Q

Types of protozoa?

A

Ameba
Flagellata
Ciliate
Sporozoa

24
Q

Amebic dysentery parasite? S/S?

A

Entameba histolytica

Stool w/flecks of blood and mucous (liver abscess)

25
Q

How is trypanosoma cruzi spread?

A

Kissing

26
Q

What sporozoa infxn is spread from infected cat feces? S/S?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

X placenta –> miscarriage, chorioretinitis, intracranial calcification

27
Q

Let’s talk about plasmodium malaria… spread by? Plasmodium falciparum S/S? Blackwater fever cause?

A

Female aneopheles mosquitoes (injects sporozites which become merozoites in liver and then trophozoites to gametocytes)
Daily cycles of ever, cerebral infection convulsion death
Excessive hemoglobin in the urine

28
Q

MC intestinal nematode in US? Tests? S/S?

A

Enterobius vermicularis/pinworms
Scotch tape test
Perianal itching

29
Q

2nd MC intestinal nematode in US? S/S?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides/roundworms

Intestinal and common bile duct obtruction

30
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis are? S/S?

A

Threadworms

Perianal itching at night

31
Q

Whipworms are known as? S/S?

A

Trichuris trichuria

Weight loss, ab pain, bloody diarrhea, rectal prolapse

32
Q

Trichinella spiralis is? S/S?

A

Pork roundworm - trichinosis

fever, uscle pain, periorbital edema

33
Q

MC hookworm in US? S/S?

A

Necatoramericanus

Iron deficiencyanemia

34
Q

Simulium blackfly transmits? Disease? S/S?

A

Onochocera volvulus
River blindness
Hyperpigemented skin

35
Q

Elephantiasis is caused by? S/S? Vector?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Filariasis, chronic lymph blockage
Culex filiariasis

36
Q

Chrysops biting fly transmits Disease?

A

Loa loa

Eye worm disease

37
Q

Largest fish tapeworm? S/S?

A

Diphyloobothrium latum

Vit B12 deficiency

38
Q

Hymenolepis nana is? S/S?

A

Smallest tapeworm in eggs/cereal

Diarrhea, ab pain, weight loss

39
Q

What worm do you get from undercooked pork? beef?

A

Taenia solium

Taenia saginata

40
Q

Accidental contact with contaminated dog feces is sheep-raising areas can give you? S/S?

A

Echinoccougranulosus

Hydatid cysts in the liver causing hepatomegaly or cysts in lungs

41
Q

How are Schistosoma species spread? `
Hematobium egg? Area? S/S?
Japnicum?
Mansoni?

A

Female worm in split in male worm snails are intermediate hosts cause bilharziaiasis
Hematobium: egg w/terminal spine in urine, Africa and Middle East, affects bladder - hematuria and squamous cell bladder cancer
Japonicum: egg w/rudimentary spine found in stool, Asia, affects gut and liver
Mansoni: Egg with a lateral spine in stool, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, swimmer’s itch (in ducks in Costal New Jersey)

42
Q

Clonorchis sinensis is? Where? S/S?

A

Chinese liver flukes, endemic in far east from undercooked fish
Feed on bile in liver, fever tender hepatomegaly, mild jaundice later chronic cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma

43
Q

Fasciola hepatica is? Where? S/S?

A

Liver flukes from infected sheep and aquatic snail is intermediate host
Diarrhea, ab pain

44
Q

Pragonimus westermani is? Where? S/S?

A

Lung flukes from undercooked crab/crayfish endemic in Asia, Africa, South America
Chronic cough, hemoptysis

45
Q

Name this skin test:

Injection of splenic extra from a pt with sarcoidosis causes a skin reaction (non-caseous granulomas) 4-6 weeks later

A

Kveim

46
Q

Mantoux/Heaf/Tine test is for? What is injected?

A

TB

Purified Protein Derivative (from TB bacillus)

47
Q

What are the urea-splitting bacteria?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae, proterus mirabilis, ureaplasma, nocardia, cryptococcus neoformans, H. pylori

48
Q

Biological assay that asses mutagenic potential of chemical compounds with strains of Salmonella typhimurium?

A

Ames test

49
Q

This test is a biochemical rxn in which anticapsular ab bind to bacterial capsule - swell - more visible?
Organisms affected?

A

Quellung rxn

Strep pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, salmonella, N meningitides

50
Q 
Briefly describe:
Case study
Case Control
Cohort study
RCT
SR
meta-analysis
A

Case study: describe/interpret individual case
Case Control: patients who have disease or outcome w/those who don’t
Cohort study: samples prospectively w/disease or outcome
RCT: random assigned to exp or control outcomes compared
SR: combines all info RE outcome and summarize finding
meta-analysis: combo qualitative data from several studies for higher statistical power

51
Q

Water purification steps?

A 
Filtration
Flocculation (add aluminum)
Sedimentation
Sludge digestion (anaerobic bacteria)
Sand filatration: remove anaerobic baceria
Aeration kill anaerobic bacteria
Chlorination
52
Q 
Agencies and what they do
FDA?
Public health department (PHD)
EPA
USDA
OSHA
CDC
HSA
NIH
A

FDA: quality of drugs, cosmetics, food, ad health products
PHD: disease surveillance, restaurant inspection
EPA: water/air quality
USDA: meat/milk inspection
OSHA: workplace safety, hazardous materials
CDC: epidemiological research, health stats
HSA: oversee health care to underserved
NIH: oversee disease research + funding

53
Q

Compare incidence to prevalence

Mortality to morbidity

A

Incidence: # of NEW cases in population at given time vs Prevalence: # of cases PRESENTLY (new + old)
Mortality:: # of people who die from a disease vs morbidity # of ppl who HAVE the disease

54
Q

Endemic?
Epidemic?
Pandemic?

A

End: normal
Epi: sudden increase (local)
Pan: sudden rise (worldwide)

55
Q

Emerging diseases (not COVID)

A

Ebola, lassa fever, lyme, HIV/AIDS, hantavirus, SARS, H1N1, MERS

56
Q

Re-emerging diseases?

A

Multi-drug resistant TB

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

chiro essentials microbio (3 decks)

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