History and spread of sport Flashcards
Characteristics of mob games
Occasional- didn’t have time, game lasts long, had to work
Simple and no written rules - illiterate people and it was local everyone knew rules
Physical force not skill/violent- sport reflects society
Lower class - two class society (no middle)
Local- no transport, lower class so no horses
Limited equipment and facilities - no money/ resources.
Name the three stages of public school
1) boy culture, bullying and brutality.
2) Dr Arnold and Social Control
3) Athleticism and the Spread of team games
Explain stage one of thomas Arnold and the public schools
Boy culture,bullying and brutality
Boys took part in mischief such as trespass, truancy, poaching and fighting to relieve boredom. In both society and public schools control was lost.
Also a time of public school expansion increasing the number of boys enrolled.
Explain stage two of thomas Arnold and the public schools
Dr Thomas Arnold - headteacher or Rugby school.
Used sports as a vehicle for establishing social control.
Increased the status of the sixth form and increased their powers of discipline.
He believed in muscular Christianity. His aim was to produce Christian gentlemen and to preach good moral behaviour.
Explain stage three of thomas Arnold and the public schools
Sport became a vehicle for developing the character of the boys - developing qualities such as honour, leadership, loyalty, courage and manliness.
Inter house competitions allowed healthy competition, a sense of belonging and cohesive attitudes.
ATHLETICISM
Codification of rules
The boys went on to university- lots of different versions of games in one place = melting pot.
Met at a pub and decided on the first set of rules - set up FA 1863.
Rugby’s split from football
Rugby split from the FA when Blackheath walked out of the meeting on rules because he wanted to keep hacking and others did not. Rugby formed as a result.
How did ex pupils of public schools open up sport to the wider community?
- finding jobs - armed forces, politics, factories, churches (factory and church teams) and teachers.
- philanthropists - gave space and encouraged sport
- provision - facilities/equipment/space
Example of a philanthropist
George Cadbury
Saw poor conditions in Birmingham of appalling housing conditions. When his factory became too small he and Richard Cadbury chose a greenfield site for new Bournville chocolate factory. Workers could live and work in much better conditions. They were encouraged to play cricket and football. Factory had lots of new sports facilities (swimming pool and extensive football fields)
Characteristics of 19th century professional and define
Working class who needed money to compensate for lost earnings.
- Broken time payments
- Working class
- Low status in society and sport
Characteristics of 19th century amateurs
- unpaid
- played for the love of the game
- organised rules to ban those with undesirable occupations
- high social status
- originally best players
The split between rugby union and rugby league
Broken time payments came into action.
Was proposed at a Rugby union meeting and it was opposed as it was against the spirit of the game.
Rugby union was created just for amateurs to play.
The northern rugby football union (rugby league) was created in amateur lines but with acceptance of broken time payments.
Origins of the modern Olympics
Founder of the international Olympic committee : Pierre De Coubertin
Influenced by: Much Wenlock games started by William Penny Brookes in 1850.
Principles of the Olympic Games
Fair play and sportsmanship
Amateurism
Friendship/unity
Education
Amateurs were permitted professionals were not.
The Olympics today
Professionals allowed to compete alongside amateurs.
Marketing, advertising and sponsorship earns lots of money.
