HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING SCIENCE Flashcards
sets forth the meaning of nursing phenomena through analysis, reasoning, and logical presentation
NURSING PHILOSOPHY
rationalism and empiricism
COMPETING PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES
emphasizes the importance of “priori” reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge.
RATIONALISM
based on the central idea that scientific knowledge can be derived only from sensory experience.
EMPIRICISM
uses deductive reasoning from cause to an effect
PRIORI REASONING
received credit for popularizing inductive reasoning
FRANCIS BACON
making generalizations, and creating hypotheses (research -> theory method)
INDUCTIVE REASONING
from cause to an effect (thory -> research theory)
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
there were little interests in the hx of science.
EARLY 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
emerged as the dominant view of modern science
POSITIVISM
modern logical positivists believed that empirical research and logical analysis were 2 approaches that would produce scientific knowledge.
EARLY 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
propositions that affirm/deny something must be tested.
EARLY 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
science was a process of continuously building research rather than a product of findings
LATE 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
emphasis shifted to understanding scientific discovery and process as a theory change overtime.
LATE 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
Empiricists view phenomena objectively, collect and analyze data (inductive method) to propose a theory.
LATE 20TH CENTURY VIEWS
