history and exam for endocrine patient

Question 1

hypocalcemia main cause

Answer 1

hypoparathyroidism

Question 2

symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 2

neuropsych: seizures, dementia, anxiety
neuromuscular: paresthesisas around mouth fingers
CV: CHF, hypotension, prolongedt QT
autonomic: biliary colic, bronchospasm, diaphoresis
other: cataracts

Question 3

2 signs or tests for hypocalcemia

Answer 3

chovstek sign: facial nerve tap

trousseau’s sign: BP couigh spasm

Question 4

hypercalcemia symptoms

Answer 4

bones, groans, moans
-CNS: lethargy, weakness coma
-renal: polyuria dehydration
GI: constipation, nausea, anorexia
-cardiac: syncompe

Question 5

cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 5

hashimoto’s thyroiditis

medications (lithium)

Question 6

hypothyroidism symptoms

Answer 6

constipation, depression, pale dry skin, dry brittle nails and hair

Question 7

causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 7

graves disease
goiter
thyroiditis
too much iodine

Question 8

exophtahlamos is a classic sign of what disease

Answer 8

graves

Question 9

myxedematous facies

Answer 9

seen in chronic hypothyroidism

• dry coarse sparse hair
• lateral eyebrows thin
• periorbital edema
• puffy dull face with dry skin

Question 10

how to find thyroid gland

Answer 10

find cricoid cartilage and it is just below that

Question 11

what is the standard approach to find thyroid

Answer 11

posterior approach

Question 12

addison’s disease

Answer 12

adrenal insuffieciency
-primary: autoimmune or TB

-secondary: sudden stopping of exogenous glucocorticoids
removal of ACTH producing tumors

Question 13

addisons disease symptoms

Answer 13

muscle weakness
weight loss
skin darkening
salty food craving
hypotension

Question 14

addisonian crisis

Answer 14

occurs at time of stress

sudden penetrating pain of back, extremities, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 15

cushings disease and syndrome

Answer 15

disease is excess ACTH (more common)

syndrome is excess cortisol from adrenal tumor

Question 16

cushing syndrome symptoms

Answer 16

fatigue and sleep problems
headaches
back aches
swelling 
acne 
hair loss

Question 17

diabetes symptoms

Answer 17

urinate often
feel very thirsty
very hungry
weight loss
tingling, pain

Question 18

diabetic clinical findings

Answer 18

poorly healing wounds
retinopathy
neuropathy of feet and hands