History and Exam Flashcards
what are ecchymoses
raised spontaneous bruises
what are petechiae
small pin sized capillary haemorrhages
what can smoking lead to
polycythaemia
in the face-lemon tint
megaloblastic anaemia
in the face- jaundice
haemolytic anaemia
in the face- plethora
polycythaemia
ulcers in the mouth
neutropenia
what is it important to examine in haemophilia patient
joints
glossitis
megaloblastic/ iron def anaemia
angular stomatitis
iron def anaemia
what do the nodes feel like in carcinoma
stony hard
what do the nodes feel like in lymphoma
rubbery
causes of slight splenomegaly and how does it measure below costal margin
0-4cm. infection
causes of moderate splenomegaly and how does it measure below costal margin
4-8cm. haemolytic anaemia, infectious mononucleosis, portal hypertension
causes of severe splenomegaly and how does it measure below costal margin
> 8cm. myelofibrosis, CML, PCV, lymphoma, malaria
difference between myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic
myeloproliferative- hypercellular BM, full peripheral blood, looks normal. myelodysplastic syndromes- looks abnormal
what is the bone marrow like in aplastic anaemia
hypocellular
what does increased blasts on bone marrows tell you
acute leukaemia
what do the cells look like in myeloid and lymphoid
myeloid- granules, lymphoid- no granules
what are auer rods and when are they found
coalesced granules- AML
when are target cells seen
sickle cell, thalassaemia, liver disease
what is feltys
RA, decr WCC, splenomegaly
