Blood transfusion Flashcards
what antigens does o blood have
none
what antibodies does o blood have
anti A and anti B
why can you give o blood to someone who doesn’t know their blood group
because it has no antigens so if give tosomeone with a blood group their antibody wont attack the o blood
what antigen and antibodies does A blood have
A antigen, anti B antibody
what antigen and antibodies does B blood have
B antigen, anti A antibody
what antigen and antibodies does AB blood have
no antibodies. A and B antigen
what blood should you give someone who doesn’t know their blood type
group o and rhesus negative
what is required in haemorrhage
fluids including plasma expanders to maintain volume and red cell concentrates. packed red cells so haematocrit >70%
when is red cell transfusion indicated
replace massive loss, correct anaemia
when are platelets needed
only if bleeding, or if count is
FFP indications
correct clotting defect- liver disease, DIC, TTP
cryoprecipitate indications
source of fibrinogen
human albumin solution indications
for protein replacement. 20% albumin in hypoproteinaemia patient- liver disease, nephrosis
what is a massive blood transfusion
replacement of individuals entire blood volume within 24h. complications- decr platelets, decr Ca, decr clotting factors, incr K, hypothermia
when would a white cell transfusion be indicated
neutropenic sepsis
early complications (within 24h)
acute haemolytic reactions, anaphylaxis, bacterial contamination, febrile reaction, allergic reactions, fluid overload, acute lung injury
delayed complications (after 24h)
infections, iron overload, GVH disease, post transfusion purpura
what is post transfusion purpura
potentially lethal fall in platelets requiring IV Ig and platelet transfusions
what is a haemolytic transfusion reaction
incompatible blood- chest abdo pain vomiting, dyspnoea, headache. fever tachy hypotension DIC. stop transfusion
symptoms anaphylaxis
bronchospasm, cyanosis, hypotension, soft tissue swelling. stop transfusion
what can circulatory overload lead to
pulmonary oedema. give furosemide if dyspnoea, hypoxia, tachy, incr JVP, basal creps
what is transfusion related acute lung injury
dyspnoea, cough, CXR white out. stop transfusion
what is non haemolytic transfusion reaction
febrile reaction- shivering and fever - slow or stop the transfusion. paracetemol
what are the signs of allegic reactions to the transfusion
urticarial and itch. slow or stop transfusion. chlorphenamine
