Blood transfusion

Question 1

what antigens does o blood have

Answer 1

none

Question 2

what antibodies does o blood have

Answer 2

anti A and anti B

Question 3

why can you give o blood to someone who doesn’t know their blood group

Answer 3

because it has no antigens so if give tosomeone with a blood group their antibody wont attack the o blood

Question 4

what antigen and antibodies does A blood have

Answer 4

A antigen, anti B antibody

Question 5

what antigen and antibodies does B blood have

Answer 5

B antigen, anti A antibody

Question 6

what antigen and antibodies does AB blood have

Answer 6

no antibodies. A and B antigen

Question 7

what blood should you give someone who doesn’t know their blood type

Answer 7

group o and rhesus negative

Question 8

what is required in haemorrhage

Answer 8

fluids including plasma expanders to maintain volume and red cell concentrates. packed red cells so haematocrit >70%

Question 9

when is red cell transfusion indicated

Answer 9

replace massive loss, correct anaemia

Question 10

when are platelets needed

Answer 10

only if bleeding, or if count is

Question 11

FFP indications

Answer 11

correct clotting defect- liver disease, DIC, TTP

Question 12

cryoprecipitate indications

Answer 12

source of fibrinogen

Question 13

human albumin solution indications

Answer 13

for protein replacement. 20% albumin in hypoproteinaemia patient- liver disease, nephrosis

Question 14

what is a massive blood transfusion

Answer 14

replacement of individuals entire blood volume within 24h. complications- decr platelets, decr Ca, decr clotting factors, incr K, hypothermia

Question 15

when would a white cell transfusion be indicated

Answer 15

neutropenic sepsis

Question 16

early complications (within 24h)

Answer 16

acute haemolytic reactions, anaphylaxis, bacterial contamination, febrile reaction, allergic reactions, fluid overload, acute lung injury

Question 17

delayed complications (after 24h)

Answer 17

infections, iron overload, GVH disease, post transfusion purpura

Question 18

what is post transfusion purpura

Answer 18

potentially lethal fall in platelets requiring IV Ig and platelet transfusions

Question 19

what is a haemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 19

incompatible blood- chest abdo pain vomiting, dyspnoea, headache. fever tachy hypotension DIC. stop transfusion

Question 20

symptoms anaphylaxis

Answer 20

bronchospasm, cyanosis, hypotension, soft tissue swelling. stop transfusion

Question 21

what can circulatory overload lead to

Answer 21

pulmonary oedema. give furosemide if dyspnoea, hypoxia, tachy, incr JVP, basal creps

Question 22

what is transfusion related acute lung injury

Answer 22

dyspnoea, cough, CXR white out. stop transfusion

Question 23

what is non haemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 23

febrile reaction- shivering and fever - slow or stop the transfusion. paracetemol

Question 24

what are the signs of allegic reactions to the transfusion

Answer 24

urticarial and itch. slow or stop transfusion. chlorphenamine