History And Definition Of Psychology Flashcards
____ - The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
Psychology
______ - Any action that we can observe and measure and can include many activities that we do throughout our day to day lives (can include involuntary or automatic actions)
Behavior
Psychology can be classified as a ___ ___
Social science
____ - A statement that attempts to explain why things happen the way that they do (can be used to predict behavior and mental processes, not quite fact and can be revised upon further research and data)
Theory
____ - That govern human behavior or processes or basic truth of law
Principles
Founders of modern psychology are ____ ___ and ___ ___
Wilhelm Wundt and William James
Wilhelm Wundt believed in studying psychology as a ____ experience
Conscious
_____ - Which a person objectively examines their own conscious experience (Used by Wilhelm Wundt)
Introspection
_____ - Created by one of Wundt’s students, the idea that psychologists should focus on mental processes rather than their function
Structuralism
____ - William James is credited with this perspective. Which seeks to determine how an organism’s thoughts and behaviors help it fit into its environment
Functionalism
___ ___ is considered to be the father of American psychology
William James
____ - Interested Sigmund Freud, an old diagnosis that was often used to diagnose women
Hysteria
Freud was more focused on the unconscious mind, known as ____ theory
Psychoanalytic theory
____ psychology - Another school of psychology that focuses on our sensory experience (created by 3 German psychologists who fled persecution from the Nazis)
Gestalt psychology
____ ___ a behavioral psychologist who used an experiment to explain how our behavior can be shaped by our learning, through classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
____ ___ ___ was a major proponent of behaviorism, and believed that people can’t objectively speak about their mind
John B. Watson
. ___ is another behavioral psychologist that is often credited with studying operant conditioning and showed how our behavior is shaped by reinforcement and punishment (the rat box guy)
B.F Skinner
____ - Another school of psychology that was promoted by psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
Humanism
___ ___ proposed a hierarchy of needs. Which each level being a new type of need that needs to be met in order for someone to focus on higher needs
Abraham Maslow
___ ___ took a humanistic approach to dealing with patients by referring to them as clients rather than patients and emphasized the potential for good in people
Carl Rogers
____ __- A more recent push that seeks to put the focus back on the mind (which psychologists from across the world incorporated their findings more to understand the complexity of the human mind)
Cognitive revolution
The most influential psychologist ___ ___ associated with the cognitive revolution
Noam Chomsky
____ psychology - To study how culture has an impact on human cognition and behavior (cross cultural psychologists often compare populations across cultures and countries to determine differences in human behavior)
Multicultural psychology
The first African-American psychologist to receive a PhD was ___ ___ ____ (established a psychology degree program at Howard University that allowed many African-American men and women to enter the field of psychology)
Francis Cecil Sumner
