History 7S1 🤓 (Alpha) Flashcards
What significant changes did the Romans bring to Britain?
New towns, plants, animals, a new religion, and ways of reading and counting
The word ‘Britain’ also originated from the Romans.
What type of roads did Britain have before the Roman invasion?
Muddy tracks
There were no proper roads before the Romans.
How many kilometers of roads did the Romans build in Britain?
Over 16,000 km (10,000 miles)
This extensive road network facilitated movement across the landscape.
What was the design principle behind Roman roads?
They made all their roads as straight as possible
This was to allow for quicker travel.
What materials were used to construct Roman roads?
Clay, chalk, gravel, and bigger flat stones
The roads were designed to bulge in the middle with ditches on either side for drainage.
What are some modern uses of ancient Roman roads?
Converted into motorways and main roads
Some original Roman roads are still visible today.
What was the religious belief system of the native Britons before the Romans?
Paganism, believing in many gods and spirits
The Romans were also pagans but had different gods.
How did the Romans treat the native Britons’ religious practices?
They allowed them to worship their own gods as long as they respected Roman ones
This tolerance was part of Roman policy.
When did Christianity first arrive in Britain?
During the second century
Initially, only a few people converted to Christianity.
What was the Roman response to the growing popularity of Christianity?
They banned it
Christians were punished for refusing to worship the Roman emperor.
Who was the first Roman emperor to allow Christians to worship?
Constantine
He later converted to Christianity himself.
What significant event occurred in AD 313 regarding Christianity?
Emperor Constantine declared that Christians were free to worship in peace
This marked a turning point for Christianity in the Roman Empire.
What was the status of Christianity by 391 in the Roman Empire?
It was the official Roman religion
Despite this, pagan beliefs remained popular in Britain.
What were the Punic Wars?
A series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC.
When did the First Punic War begin?
264 BC.
What was the outcome of the First Punic War?
Rome won after over twenty years of fighting, with a peace treaty signed in 241 BC.
What did Carthage lose after the First Punic War?
Some land and money, but it remained a significant power.
Who was the Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War?
Hannibal.
What significant military action did Hannibal take in 218 BC?
He led a march from Spain to Italy with over 30 war elephants and about 60,000 men.
What was the Battle of Cannae?
A major battle during the Second Punic War where Hannibal defeated the Romans, resulting in about 70,000 Roman deaths.
What was the worst defeat in the history of Rome?
The Battle of Cannae in 216 BC.
Who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama?
Scipio.
What was the peace treaty of 202 BC?
A treaty that stipulated Carthage must give up hostages, land, warships, war elephants, and pay annual reparations.
Fill in the blank: Carthage must give up _______.
100 hostages, all Roman prisoners, all land except a small area around the city, all except 10 warships, all war elephants, and 200 pieces of silver every year for 50 years.
