History Flashcards
List four key beliefs in Hinduism.
- Reincarnation
- Caste system
- The cow is sacred
- Polytheism (multiple deities)
Name three significant causes that led to the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476.
- Ineffective political system (no formal system to choose emperors)
- Economic decline (and excessive taxes)
- Military invasion from Germanic and Asiatic tribes
Name the three branches of US government. Include one power of each.
Legislative - makes laws
executive - enforces laws
judicial - interprets laws
Name three military objectives the North had during the Civil War.
- Capture Southern capital at Richmond, Virginia.
- Blockade the South’s Atlantic seaports.
- Split the Confederacy at the Mississippi River.
Name a few consequences of the California Gold Rush in the US.
- Dramatic increase in population in California.
- California went from a territory to a state.
- Trade and commerce expanded.
- Transportation systems developed (extensive).
- Mistreatment of non-European peoples (Chinese, Indians) increased.
List three reasons for establishing the mission system in California.
- Convert Native Americans to Christianity.
- Provide agricultural land and food for the emerging Spanish population.
- Discourage English/Russian colonization in the area.
Where was Hammurabi’s Code developed? By Whom? When? What was it?
Mesopotamia. Babylonians. 1750 BC. Written law code.
Name the order of Mesopotamian civilizations, beginning with the Sumerians and ending with the Persians.
Sumerians, Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, Persians.
What civilization established the first lasting monotheism?
Israelites - Saul established the first kingdom in Palestine in 1030 BC.
What early civilizations are associated with the Aegean Sea?
Ancient Greece: Minoan, Mycenaean, Hellenic, Hellenistic civilizations.
Describe the Peloponnesian War. When did it happen?
Conflict between Sparta & Athens - devastated both sides. Sparta was victorious, but unable to unite the Greek city-states. 431-404 BC.
What did Alexander the Great do? When?
Alexander the Great of Macedonia established the Hellenic Age in 356-323 BC.
- Conquered Persia, Asia Minor and Egypt.
- Established a bureaucratic government.
- Facilitated the fusion of Greek culture with the East.
How was Roman Republic society organized?
- Patricians (propertied class)
- Plebeians (main body of citizens)
- Slaves
When did Rome fall? Why?
Rome fell in 476 AD:
- repeated barbarian invasions by the Goths, Vandals and Huns.
- political instability, excessive taxation, and decline of military.
- rise of Christianity divided kingdom.
List some reasons for the spread of Christianity during the Roman period.
- The church was efficiently organized.
- Doctrines stressed equality and immortality.
- Constantine converted to Christianity in 313 AD.
- Establishment of Christianity as official Roman religion in 380AD.
- Supremacy of the pope during the disintegration of Rome.
Who founded the Byzantine Empire? How long did it last? What are some major accomplishments of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantine. 1,000 years!
- Constantine established a “New Rome” = Constantinople in AD 330.
- Codification of Roman law “Justinian Code”
- Center for world trade and cultural exchange - avoided military conflict through the use of diplomacy.
- Preservation of Greek language/culture.
Why did the Byzantine Empire fall? When?
- Constantinople was sacked during the 4th crusade in AD 1453.
- Geographic proximity and therefore vulnerability to the Arabs, Slavs, Seljuk Turks…
- Religious controversy and the split from the Roman Catholic Church.
Islam is based on the teachings of __________?
Mohammed.
Who ruled the Muslim Empire?
Arab caliphs
What was the Battle of Tours in 732AD?
Conflict between Muslim Empire and Franks (Germanic tribe). Muslim expansion was halted in Europe by the Frank leader, Charles Martel.
What event resulted in The Dark Ages?
The destruction of Rome and the subsequent period of decline (500-800AD)
Describe the political structure of feudalism.
Hierarchical and interdependent.
Church, Lords/Nobles, Vassals/Lesser Lords, Knights, Peasants.
What was the Treaty of Verdun?
When Charlemagne (revived Holy Roman Empire) divided his empire between his three grandsons in 843AD.
What was the Hundred Years War?
Between England and France. Booted English from France. 1337-1453.