History

Question 0

Adam Smith

Answer 0

The Wealth of Nation in 1776

Question 1

Ancient Management

Answer 1

Egypt (pyramids) and China (Great Wall)

Venetians (floating warship assembly lines)

Question 2

Industrial revolution

Answer 2

Substituted machine power for human labor

Created large organizations in need of management

Question 3

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Answer 3

The father of scientific management

Question 4

The theory of scientific management

Answer 4

Using scientific methods to define the “one best way” for a job to be done:

• putting the right person on the job with the correct tools and equipment
• having a standardized method of doing the job
• providing an economic incentive to the worker

Question 5

Principles of scientific management

Answer 5

1. Develop a science for each element of an individuals work, which will replace the old rule of thumb method
2. scientifically select and then train, teach and develop the worker
3. Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed
4. Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers. Managment takes over all work for which it is better fitted than the workers

Question 6

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth

Answer 6

• focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion
• developed the micochronometer to time worker motions and optimize work performance

Question 7

Henri Fayol

Answer 7

Believed that the practice of management was distinct from other organizational functions
Developed principles of management that applied to all organizational situations

Question 8

Max Weber

Answer 8

Developed a theory of authority based on an ideal type of organization (bureaucracy)
–emphasized rationally, predictability, impersonality, technical competence, and authoritarianism

Question 9

Fayol’s Principles

Answer 9

1. Division of work. Specialization increases output by making employees more efficient.
2. Unity of command. Every employee should received orders from only one superior.
3. Centralization. This term refers to the degree to which subordinates are involved in decision making.
4. Stability of tenure of personnel. Management should provide orderly personnel planning and ensure that emplacements are available to fill vacancies.
5. Esprit de corps. Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization.

Question 10

Quantitative approach

Answer 10

• Also called operations research or management science
• evolved from mathematical and statistical methods developed to solve WW2 military logistics and quality control problems
• focuses on improving managerial decision making by applying
• ——statistic, optimization models, information models, and computer simulations.

Question 11

System

Answer 11

A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged ins manner that produces a unified whole.
Closed systems
Open systems

Question 12

Closed systems

Answer 12

Are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input and output is internal)

Question 13

Open systems

Answer 13

Dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments

Question 14

Contingency approach

Answer 14

Sometimes called the situational approach

• -there in no one universally applicable set of management principle (rules) by which to manage organizations
• -organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing