History

Question 1

The study of disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

2 Main divisions of pathology

Answer 2

Anatomic and Clinical Pathology

Question 3

Study of the body parts

Answer 3

Anatomic Pathology

Question 4

Study of bodily fluids

Answer 4

Clinical Pathology

Question 5

Earliest application of pathology

Answer 5

Development of Medicine

Question 6

Laboratory medicine began with the study of a natural byproduct of all humans that was easily obtained, namely:

Answer 6

Urine

Question 7

4000 BC

Answer 7

From unearthed papyrus, urine evaluations were performed solely to the members of royalty. Patient care was left to chance, and natures of diseases were based on superstition

Question 8

300-100 BC

Answer 8

Ancient Hindu physicians poured urine on the ground to observe if ants would be attracted to sweetness of urine

Question 9

400-301 BC

Answer 9

Hippocrates was the first physician to interpret body functioning based on urine. He determined the value of urine for examination of illness, and utilized human senses in observing symptoms

Question 10

Father of Medicine

Answer 10

Hippocrates

Question 11

The first manual laboratory test ever performed

Answer 11

Tasting of urine to confirm its sweetness

Question 12

101-200 AD

Answer 12

Aelius (Claudius) Glenus “Galen” expanded the ideals of Hippocrates and proposed that urine was only a filtrate of the blood, and that the liquid intake is proportional to output

Question 13

Early Medieval Ages 500-1300 AD

Answer 13

• Arab and Byzantine monks
• Theophilus Protospatharius
• One of the first actual laboratory technique was performed
• Judaeus Israeli
• Johannes Zaccharias

Question 14

Authored the first manuscript on urine called “De Urinis”

Answer 14

Theophilus Protospatharius

Question 15

Believed that diseases are punishment for sinning

Answer 15

Arab and Byzantine Monks

Question 16

The first actual laboratory test that was done 500 years after Galen

Answer 16

Precipitating protein with heat, causing urine cloudiness

Question 17

Founder of Origins of Nephrology, and the concept that fluid and sediment from blood seeped into the kidney and to the bladder

Answer 17

Judaeus Israeli

Question 18

Urine is an exclusive diagnostic tool of legal necessity and physicians are punished if they fail to examine a person’s urine

Answer 18

Jerusalem Code of 1090

Question 19

Required his patients to collect 24 hours of urine into a clean vessel on an empty stomach

Answer 19

Zan al-Din Sayyed Isma’il ibn Husayn Gorgani

Question 20

Authored a comprehensive 7-volume manuscript on just urine and detailed how to collect 24-hour urine

Answer 20

Johannes Zacharias

Question 21

The medical practice of urine testing

Answer 21

Uroscopy

Question 22

A diagram linking to the color of urine to disease

Answer 22

Urine Wheel

Question 23

Symbol of the physician in medieval medicine

Answer 23

Urine flask

Question 24

13th Century (1201-1300)

Answer 24

• Young women involved in medical testing was not considered acceptable
• Modino de Luzzi
• Allessandra Gilliani was employed as a medical/surgical assistant

Question 25

Using the cadavers of criminals, he “supervised” autopsies and incorporated them into medical training, gaining the title, “Restorer of Anatomy”

Answer 25

Modino de Luzzi

Question 26

The first female anatomist

Answer 26

Alessandra Gilliani

Question 27

Late Middle Ages to the Renissance (1301 - 1600 AD)

Answer 27

• Paracelsus
• Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomical techniques in human anatomy sketches

Question 28

Swiss/German physicist who referred to the balance of minerals and chemical remedies in medicine, also called as the “Father of Toxicology”

Answer 28

Theophrastus von Hohenheim or Paracelsus

Question 29

Arabian physician who reportedly made the first postmortem dissections

Answer 29

Avenzoar