History Flashcards
How long have settlers and immigrants contributed to the diversity and wealth of Canada?
400 years.
When did the House of Commons recognize that the Quebecois form a nation within a united Canada?
2006
When did English settlement begin in Canada?
1610
Who passed the Quebec Act of 1774?
The Canadian Parliament
The British Parliament
The Quebec Parliament
The French majority
The British Parliament
Who was Lieutenant Colonel John Graves Simcoe?
Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and funder of the City of Toronto
When did the British Parliament abolish slavery throughout the Empire?
1833.
Name the 3 fathers of Confederation.
Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché, Sir George-Étienne Cartier, and Sir John A. Macdonald
What phrase embodied the vision for the Dominion of Canada?
Dominion from sea to sea and from the river to the ends of the earth.
Whose portrait is on the Canadian $10 bill?
Sir John Alexander Macdonald
What made it possible for immigrants to settle in Western Canada?
The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
When were the Canada and Quebec Pension Plans devised?
1965
What is the Magna Carta?
The Great Charter of Freedoms
Where was the Great Charter of Freedoms signed?
England.
When was the Magna Carta signed?
1215
What is “Habeas corpus”?
The right to challenge unlawful detention by the state.
When was the Constitution of Canada amended to include the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
1982.
Who proclaimed the amended Constitution of Canada in 1982?
Queen Elizabeth II
What are the two principles upon which Canada is founded?
The supremacy of God and the rule of law.
What do poets and songwriters call Canada?
The Great Dominion.
Who are the three founding peoples of Canada?
Aboriginal, French, and British
When were territorial rights first guaranteed in Canada?
Royal Proclamation of 1763, passed by King George III.
Territorial rights established the basis for negotiating treaties with newcomers, although the treaties were not always fully respected.
What does Inuit mean?
In Inuktitut language, it means “the people”
Who are the Acadians?
Descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604. Between 1755 and 1763, during the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians were deported from their homeland. Despite this ordeal, known as “the Great Upheaval”, the Acadians survived and maintained their unique identity. Today, Acadian culture is flourishing and is a lively part of French-speaking Canada.
What was “The Great Upheaval?”
Between 1755 and 1763, during the war between Britain and France, more than two-thirds of the Acadians [descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604] were deported from their homeland. The Acadians survived and maintained their unique identity. Today, Acadian culture is flourishing and is a lively part of French-speaking Canada.
Who were the Black Loyalists?
Escaped slaves and freed men and women of African origin who in the 1780s, fled to Canada from America, where slavery was legal until 1863.
Who made England’s first land claim in Canada, and where?
John Cabot, an Italian immigrant to England. He claimed “New Founde Land” [Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island] for England in 1497 when he also became the first to map Canada’s Atlantic Shore, although settlement did not begin until 1610. Still, Cabot’s expedition began an age of European exploration.
Where does the name Canada come from?
Jacques Cartier, who claimed the land for King Francis I of France between 1534 and 1542, overheard two Iroquois prisoners speaking the Iroquoian word kanata, which means “village”. The name began appearing on maps by the 1550s as Canada.
“Kanata” is the Huron-Iroquois word for village.
Approximately how many Canadians served in the First World War?
More than 600,000
Give an example of where English and French have equal status in Canada?
The Official Languages Act (French: Loi sur les langues officielles) is a Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969, which gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. This makes them “official” languages, having preferred status in law over all other languages.
So, in the Parliament of Canada.
Also, in New Brunswick, where English and French were given equal status in the 1982 Constitution Act.
In the 1960s, Quebec experienced an era of rapid change. What is this called?
The Quiet Revolution
What was the Quiet Revolution?
The Quiet Revolution (French: Révolution tranquille) refers to a significant period of socio-political and socio-cultural transformation in French Canada, particularly in Quebec, following the election of 1960. The secularization of the government marked this period, along with the establishment of a state-administered welfare state known as the état-providence, a shift in political alignment toward federalist and sovereigntist (or separatist) factions, and the eventual election of a pro-sovereignty provincial government in the 1976 election. Many Quebecers tried to separate Quebec from Canada during this time.
What did the Canadian Pacific Railway symbolize?
Unity.
What did the Fathers of Confederation do?
They worked together to establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada
What happened at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
AKA Battle of Quebec, a pivotal battle in the Seven Years War. 13 September 1759
The British defeated the French, marking the end of France’s empire in America
What was the head tax?
Race-based entrance free charged for Chinese entering Canada. Authorized via the Chinese Immigration Act, which became law in 1885
What is the meaning of the Remembrance Day poppy?
To remember the sacrifice of Canadians who have served or died in wars up to the present day.
What is the significance of the discovery of insulin by Sir Frederick Banting and Charles Best?
Insulin has saved 16 million lives worldwide.
What was the ‘Underground Railroad’?
An anti-slavery network that helped thousands of slaves escape the United States and settle in Canada
What was the significance of the June 6, 1944 invasion of Normandy?
Canadians made a significant contribution to the defat of Nazism and Fascism in Europe during the Second World War
What was the Women’s Suffrage Movement?
The effort by women to achieve the right to vote
What year did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada?
1949
What year was Confederation?
1867
When did the British North American Act come into effect?
- The British North American Act united the three separate territories of Canada, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick into a single dominion called Canada
What Act granted, for the first time in Canada, legislative assemblies elected by the people?
The Constitution Act of 1791.
What is the significance of the War of 1812?
The USA invaded Canada and was defeated, which ensured that Canada would remain independent of the United States.
Which province was split into two at Confederation?
The Province of Canada
Which province was the first to grant voting rights to women?
Manitoba
Which was the last province to join Canada
Newfoundland
Who are the Acadians?
The descendants of French colonists who began settling in what are now the Maritime provinces in 1604
Who are the founding peoples of Canada?
Aboriginal, French, and British
Who played an important part in building the Canadian Pacific Railway?
Chinese railroad workers
Who is the Head of Government?
The Prime Minister
Who is the King’s representative in Canada?
Governor General of Canada
Who were the United Empire Loyalists (aka the Loyalists)?
Settlers who came to Canada from the United States during the American Revolution. They settled in Nova Scotia and Quebec.
They were loyal to the Crown and wanted to stay loyal to Britain so they came to Canada to avoid fighting in the American Revolution.
Who were the Voyagers?
Montreal-based traders who travelled by canoe. They worked for the fur trade companies and were often from France. They carried trade goods and supplies to exchange for furs.
Why was the battle of Vimy Ridge important?
Battle in World War I against the Germans in Northern France (1917) in which the Canadian Corps secured its reputation for valour and bravery.
What did Queen Victoria choose in 1857?
She chose Ottawa to be the capital of Canada.
What was the Confederation?
Confederation was when the provinces joined together to form a new country. This occurred in 1867.
Who joined Canada in 1867?
1867 was Confederation. Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick joined Canada.
Who joined Canada in 1870?
Manitoba and the Northwest Territories
Who joined Canada in 1871?
British Columbia
Who joined Canada in 1873?
Prince Edward Island
Who joined Canada in 1880?
The British government transferred the Arctic Islands to the NWT, which had joined Canada in 1870
Who joined Canada in 1898?
Yukon Territory
Who joined Canada in 1905?
Alberta and Saskatchewan
Who joined Canada in 1949?
Newfoundland and Labrador (they were previously overseas British territory)
Who joined Canada in 1999?
Nunavut, after the Northwest Territory boundaries were redrawn to recognize Nunavut as a separate territory. Nunavut is the homeland of Inuit of Canada.
What were the first 4 provinces that formed confederation?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
What was the last province to join Canada?
Newfoundland and Labrador (joined in 1949)
What was the last territory to join Canada?
Nunavut (1999), when the lines of the Northwest Territories were redrawn to separate Nunavut, a homeland for Canadian Inuit.
The Dominion of Canada
Existed between 1863 and 1867, it was the country of Canada before it became Canada. It included Nova SCotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec)
Who did Canada allow to immigrate to Canada in 1956?
Canada allowed refugees who wanted to leave Communism (e.g. from Hungary) to settle in Canada.
Who did Canada allow to immigrate in 1975?
Over 50,000 Vietnamese who wanted to leave Communist North Vietnam came to Canada as refugees.
What idea emerged in Canada in the 1960s?
Multiculturalism
What number of British and Americans immigrated to Canada in the 1890s and 1900s?
1 million
Labour Camps
Between 1914 and 1920, over 8,000 Austrian and Hungarian immigrants to Canada were forced into labour camps.
Why was the Great Canadian Railway important?
It was finished in 1885 and is a powerful symbol of unity. It connects Canada geographically from the West Coast to the Atlantic Region.
Hudson’s Bay Company
Founded in 1670, a fur-trading company that got the right to look for fur near Hudson Bay, Manitoba
What did the US and Canada start in 1988?
Free trade.
What was the Gold Rush?
The name for the time in the 1890s during which many people hurried north to try to get rich from gold in the Yukon.
What started Canada’s modern energy industry?
In 1947, oil was discovered in Alberta.
What started in Canada and Quebec in 1965?
Pension plans, for old age security
When did ideas about Old Age security begin to emerge?
1927
What is the Pacific Express?
The first train on the Canadian Pacific Railway that traveled to British Columbia for the first time in 1886
What were the Roaring 20s?
A name for the 1920s because of the good economic times.
What event triggered the Great Depression in 1929?
The stock market crashed.
What were the Dirty Thirties?
The Great Depression. A name for the 1930s because of bad economic times. There was high unemployment and bad crop yields.
When was the Bank of Canada established and why is it important?
- It brought stability to the financial system to facilitate recovery during the Great Depression.
Who was allowed to vote beginning in 1948?
Japanese Canadians.
Who was allowed to vote beginning in 1960?
Indigenous (Aboriginal) Peoples.
Who was allowed to vote in 1867?
White men who owned property.
Who was allowed to vote in 1917?
White men who owned property. Women who were nurses in battle (World War 1) or related to men in the war.
Who was allowed to vote in 1918?
White men who owned property and most women over the age of 21.
Who are the three founding people in Canada?
- Aboriginal (Indigenous) Peoples
- The French
- The British
Vikings
A group of Peoples from Iceland who came to Newfoundland and Labrador about one thousand years ago.
How many Loyalists settled in Canada?
40,000
What is Freetown?
A city founded in 1792 in Sierra Leone, Africa that was established by black Nova Scotians.
The Province of Canada
In 1840, Upper Canada and Lower Canada united and were called the Province of Canada.
What were the four provinces that formed Confederation?
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Ottawa and Quebec. 1867
What was the last province to join Canada?
Newfoundland and Labrador (1949)
What was the last territory to join Canada?
Nunavut (1999)
Quebec Referendums
In 1980 and 1995, Quebec had referendums asking the people of Quebec if they wanted to separate from Canada. Both times, Quebecers voted not to separate.
British West Indies
In the 1920s, some people believed that the British West Indies in the Caribbean should become a part of Canada. (They are not a part of Canada today).
What was first raised in 1965?
The Canadian Flag
When was the Canadian Flag first raised?
1965
When did slavery become illegal in the British Empire?
1833
When did the British change the name of New France to Quebec?
1759
Who tried to conquer Canada in the War of 1812?
the USA
1837-1838 Rebellions
Rebellions by reformers who thought Canada should be more like the USA and declare independence from the British colonial government.
What started Canada’s modern energy industry in 1947?
Discovery of oil in Alberta
Who did Canada help liberate in 1943-1944?
Italy during World War II.
What happened on June 6, 1944?
D-Day (when Northern France was invaded)
Who did Canada help liberate between 1944-1945?
The Netherlands, during World War 2. This helped to end the war.
Where did Canadian troops die in 1941 and 1942?
- Trying to defend Hong Kong from Japan
- In Dieppe, France
What happened on August 14, 1945?
Japan surrendered, ending World War 2.
North West Mounted Police
Founders of Fort Calgary. A Canadian paramilitary police force, established in 1873, to maintain order in the new Canadian North-West Territories (NWT) following the 1870 transfer of Rupert’s Land and North-Western Territory to Canada from the Hudson’s Bay Company, the Red River Rebellion and in response to lawlessness, demonstrated by the subsequent Cypress Hills Massacre and fears of United States military intervention. The NWMP combined military, police and judicial functions along similar lines to the Royal Irish Constabulary. A small, mobile police force was chosen to reduce potential for tensions with the United States and First Nations. The NWMP uniforms included red coats deliberately reminiscent of British and Canadian military uniforms.
Bluebirds
The Canadian female nurses who served in World War 1 were nicknamed Bluebirds. There were more than 3,000 of them.
Plains of Abraham battle
1759: The British defeated the French of the Plains of Abraham (near Quebec City). They were battling in the 1700s to decide who would control North America; this win was important for the British.
The Korean War
1950-1953: Canada and the UN defended South Korea during the Korean War. 500 Canadians died, and 1,000 were wounded.
Boer War
1899-1902: 7,000 Canadians volunteered to fight in the Boer War in South Africa. 260 died.
November 11, 1918
The end of World War 1. Germany and Austria surrendered.
Number of Canadians killed and wounded in World War 1
60,000 killed and 170,000 wounded
Flanders Field
In 1915, Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae wrote this poem about the soldiers who died and are buried in a cemetery where poppy flowers grow.
Allies
Countries that fought against Nazism in World War 2 were called the Allies.
World War 1 years
1914-1918: World War 1
World War 2 years
1939-1945
% of allied soldiers that were Canadian
10%
Number of Canadians and Newfoundlanders who served in World War 2
Over 1 million
Number of Canadians and Newfoundlanders who were killed in World War 2
44,000
Canada’s Merchant Navy
Helped Britan with food, clothing, and supplies during World War II
