History 🏛️ Flashcards
What is a pogrom?
An organised violence against jews
Who destroyed the 2nd temple in Jerusalem?
The romans
In 600AD which religious group killed and exiled Jews from medina?
Muslims
In 1990 the jewish community of York locked themselves where ?
Clifford’s tower
How many Jews were killed in the holocaust?
6 million
How did the Nazis separate Jews from other Germans in society ?
Creating ghettos and discriminatory laws
When did kristallnacht take place?
9th-10th November 1938
Where did nazi officials meet to discuss the final solution?
Wannsee (conference)
Give one way nazis decided to murder Jews ?
Ghettos, death camps, concentration camps
What did nazis do to stop allied liberation of Jews in concentration camps?
Put the prisoners on Death marches
Which counties formed the triple alliance?
Germany,Austria -Hungary, italy
Which countries formed the triple entente?
Great Britain, France, and Russia
Name the five beaches rang were bombarded on D-day
Juno, Sword, Omaha, Utah, Gold,
What is an ideology?
A set of political beliefs or ideas
Democracy
When the leader/government of a country is selected by its citizens
Dictatorship
When a country is ruled by one person, who is not elected, and thy have a lot of power ( a dictator)
Nationalism
The belief that one’s country is better than other
Anti-semetism
The hatred / prejudice against jews
Fascism
In ideology that is nationalist and supports dictatorship . Often includes racism, e.g anti-semetism
Maginot line
A network of defences that ran down the middle of France
Why did Germans hate the treaty of Versailles?
Germany blamed for starting WWI; Germany had to pay other countries;
Germany’s army reduced; Germany lost all overseas colonies - end of empire
Who did the Nazis blame for Germany’s problems after World War I?
The German politicians who signed the peace treaty
Why were the Nazis so unpopular in Germany in the 1920s?
Thier ideas were seem as too extreme
Why did the Nazis gain more support in the 1930s?
An economic crisis led to unemployment; people were desperate for change
How were Hitler and Mussolini’s versions of fascism different?
Hitler’s fascism was more focused on anti-Semitism - he blamed the Jews for Germany’s problems
Why did Hitler - with Mussolini’s support - invade Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland?
He wanted to create a new German empire.
He called this Lebensraum - living space for Germans.
Who forms the axis powers?
Italy, Germany, and japan
When was d day
6th June 1944
Which country did Hitler invade in September 1939?
Poland
Name TWO countries Germany defeated in 1940.
- Name TWO countries Germany defeated in 1940.
Denmark, Norway, Belgium, the Netherlands & France
In June 1941, Hitler decided to invade which country?
Russia
Which important battle took place in Russia in January 1943?
Stalingrad
What is the blitzkrieg?
military technique that consists of a violent surprise attack on the enemy.
What is the definition of Imperialism?
Extending a country’s power and influence e.g. taking control of another country.
What is the definition of Nationaislm?
A love for your country
What is the definition of Militarism?
A belief that a country should maintain a strong army
What is the Definition of an alliance
An agreement between countries to help each other for example, if invaded by another nation
Conscription
A law that forces men to join the armed forces mentally
The definition of Industrialisation
When a country becomes more developed through its industry
What is the definition of independence?
To be able to rule over yourself
Give an example of an alliance
In 1882, Germany, Austria-
Hungary and Italy formed the Triple Alliance.
Give an example of imperialism
Countries like Britain and France were occupying land all over the world and they were becoming very wealthy.
Give an example of militarism
In all of the main European powers, military spending increased greatly in the years prior to the war. Most countries introduced conscription.
Give an example of Nationaism
Britain had the biggest navy in the world and wanted things to stay that way. Germany wanted to increase its navy and army.
Who assassinated archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip
When was Franz Ferdinand assassinated
28th June 1914
How many weeks too young was Princip to receive the death penalty?
3 weeks
What does RAMC stand for?
Royal academy medical core
How successful was the medical equipment created for removing bullets?
new X-ray units were
created to be driven near the battlefield and find exactly where in
the body the bullets had gone.
What was the medical equipment created, to prevent head wounds?
the Brodie Helmet was introduced in 1915.
It was a hard, steel helmet with a strap to keep it on a soldier’s head. These reduced head wound deaths by 80% and every soldier had one.
What was the medical procedure created for facial wounds?
During WW1, a man named Harold Gillies, an army doctor, developed what we now call ‘plastic surgery’.
What was the medical equipment created to heal broken bones
WW1, Hugh Thomas invented the Thomas Splint, which kept the leg straight so the bone would heal in the correct position.
What was the medical procedure created to treat infections?
Amputations, artificial limbs, and wound excretion
What was used to treat shell and shrapnel wounds?
Blood transfusions were introduced in 1915 to transfer blood. But blood clots quickly so the person donating blood had to be nearby
So Geoffrey Keynes designed a portable transfusion kit
Name one way that British and French failures caused ww2
The German invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1939 showed that appeasement had not worked.
Two days after the invasion British Prime Minister Chamberlain gave a speech saying that he could not trust Hitler not to invade other countries.
One way that Hitler’s aggression was a cause of WW2?
The German invasion of Poland
September 1939 was the final straw. Britain declared war on Germany.
Name one way in which the treaty of Versailles caused World War II?
The Treaty of Versailles 1919, angered and humiliated the German people. They were left crippled by the harsh terms and this left them seeking revenge.
Name an active anti-Semitism that happened in AD 70.
The Romans destroy the 2nd Temple at Jerusalem. Over 1 million Jews were killed.
An active anti-Semitism that happened in A.D 600
Arabian Muslims kill Jews and exile them from Medina.
Name an act of anti-semitism that happened in AD 1190
English Christian nobles order the killing of the Jews seeking refuge in Clifford’s Tower.
When did the Nazis capture Paris?
14th June 1940,
Why is asuchwitz-birkenau unique?
It is both an extermination and concentration camp
Where and what did the Nazis do about the “Jewish question?”
Wannsee conference - a high level meeting of German officials to discuss the final solution
Final solution -Death camps were to be built in Poland far away from Germany and in areas sparsely populated but on the major railway networks.
The plan was to kill the Jews quickly and efficiently as possible.
Name Three solutions to the Jewish Question.
Ghettos- put the Jews in walled off areas, cut their supplies and let them starve to death
EINSATZGRUPPEN-Nazi SS killing squads to go into areas to round up the Jews and kill them.
MOBILE GAS VANS-Use these to kill Jews using carbon monoxide gas
Suffrage
the right to vote in political elections.
Direct Action
the use of strikes, demonstrations, or other public forms of protest rather than negotiation to achieve one’s demands
Civil disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of political protest.
Lobbying
to seek to influence (a legislator) on an issue.
What does WSPU stand for?
Women’s Social Political Union
What were the suffragettes beliefs?
It was time for direct action by working -class women by any means necessary to secure the vote
Demanding, and not asking for thier vote
Explain the suffragettes style of tactics
more militant in their methods of campaign. Law-breaking, violence, and hunger strikes
Explain three example of the suffragettes tac tics
•1905 - heckling of Sir Edward Grey
•1908 - window-smashing campaign on government buildings
1909 - hunger strikes
