History Flashcards
What is the Manchester Mark-1
The first ever stored program computers.
What was the IBM Model 650
The first mass-produced computers
When was the first microprocessor released and how many oeprations could it do every second?
1971 and 90,000 operations a second.
Who invented the World Wide Web?
Tim Berners-Lee
WWhen was the World Wide Web made publicly available?
1991
What was the Colossus?
A machine/computer built in England to decode German messages during the latter part of WW2
What are/were mainframes
Some of the first computers which occupied the size of a room, consumed a lot of power nad created a lot of heat. They were pretty unreliable.
What years were Vacuum Tubes used?
1946–1959
What did first generation computers use for circuitry and memory?
They used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drinks for memory what generation of computers?
What technology did transistors replace?
Vacuum tubes replaced what?
What years were Transistors used?
1959–1965
What states could transistors maintain? How were they represented?
Off and On; Represented as 0 and 1.
What did second-generation computers rely on for input?
printouts, still
What was used for storage in second generation computers?
tapes and disks
What generation was the UNIVAC 1108 a part of?
Second-Generation
What were the first computers of the second generation of computers built for?
Atomic energy industry?
How many computer programming languages were invented to work with second generation computers?
over 100
Name two early high-level programming languages?
FORTRAN and COBOL
What is FORTRAN
early high-level computer programming language
What is COBOL?
COmmon Buisness-Oriented Language
What technology did integrated circuits replace?
Transistors. They miniaturized them.
What input devices did third generation computers use?
Keyboards and monitors
What generation of computers did it become possible to run multiple programs at the same time?
Third generation of computers
What was the computational time in third generation computers?
nanoseconds
What did integrated circuits do for computers?
they increased computing power
What was the technology used in fourth-generation computers and what years was it used from?
Microprocessors and 1971—Present)
What is the fourth generation of computers characterized by?
A significant reduction in processor size (microprocessors) and a significant increase in capabilities.
What are computer generations defined by?
Major technological developments that fundamentally changed the way computers operated.
How fast could first generation computers compute?
Computed in milliseconds
Why were second generation computers less prone to crashing?
Because the transistors generated less heat than vacuum tubes which made overheating less of a concern. This translated to components lasting longer and the system crashed less often
What four innovations in technology are used to define the four generations of computers?
- Vacuum Tubes
- Transistors
- Integrated Circuits
- Microprocessors
What technology will define the fifth generation of computers?
Artificial Intelligence
When did the fifth generation of computers first emerge?
1980’s
Which computer generation used vacuum tubes?
First
Which generation of computers used transistors?
Second generation
Which generation used trapped and disks for storage?
Second generation
FORTRAN AND COBOL were created for which computer generation?
Second generation
Which computer generation used integrated circuits?
Third generation
Keyboard and mouses were introduced during which computer generation?
Third
Which generation of computers could first run multiple programs at the same time?
Third
Which generation of computers uses microprocessor?
Fourth
