HIStory Flashcards
three estates / order
clergy, nobility, common
95% likely to stay in their order
nobility
no taxes
good political positions
commons
5% are burghers (educated)
three empires central & eastern europe
russian empire (orthodox) ottoman empire (islamic) habsburg empire (catholic)
=> different religions
GNP
gross national income
Monarch
cannot have all power
geographically
religions (confessionalism)
-> struggled to keep control
Absolutism
was not absolute
monarch was just part of larger system
various interests & “lobbies”
parlaments & estates
Thomas Hobbes - The Leviathan
social contract -> public legitimacy
need for a strong ruler who controls society and prevents disorder
confessionalism
church has power & rules society
influences the politics
church organised education
enlightened Absolutism
beginning of Enlightenment
educated people wanted changes
- infrastructure (trade)
- not church organised education
Guild
people get sorted by interests
must get accepted in order to get supported
network of support
- money etc.
living countryside vs. city
80% countryside
cities were dirty, unhealthy, unsecure, bad transportation, less food supplies
Agriculture
low productivity
less land was used
but “crop rotation”
Agriculture Revolution
better crop rotation
change in use of land
-> social, legal, cultural aspects
=> earned money -> were able to expand
Outworking
growing market
way out of the Guilds (rules)
specific tasks -> financial income
