History Flashcards
Name of the founder of Singapore
According to the Malays Annals
Sang Nila Utama
Date of foundation of Singapore
1299
Real name of the Malay Annals
The Genealogy of Kings
Ancestor of the Singaporean kings
According to the Malays Annals
Alexander the Great (Iskandar Shah) via an Indian king from when Alex was in India
Sang Nila Utama origin
Sriwijayan prince from Palembang
Legendary champion of Singapore with supernatural strength
Badang
Date of foundation of Melacca
~1400
Singapore vs Temasek
City vs island
Why would Sang Nila Utama have been invented?
To give legitimacy to Melacca dynasty
Title and Name of Singapore’s ruler before Raffles
Temenggung Adbul Rahman
Malays who signed the treaty with Raffles (titles and names)
Sultan Husain Shah & Temenggung Adbul Rahman
City where Raffles was based
Bengkulu (then Bencoolen), West Sumatra
First resident of Singapore (first and last name)
William Farquhar
2 main productions of Malaysia in 1900s and respective percentages of world production
Rubber 50%
Tin 30%
Singapura in 14th century
Thriving port-settlement on the northern bank of the river and Fort Canning
Prefix “Sang” and comparison with another one
“Sang” Malay prefix for high status
“Sri” Buddhist Sanskrit prefix for higher status. Sang Nila Utama will be renamed Sri Xxx
Why did Sang Nila Utama go to Temasek
He saw nice beaches during a hunting trip
Why did the Malays accept Raffles?
He helped the legitimate heir to become Sultan when his brother has usurped the throne
Temenggong
Local ruler, vassal of Sultan
Temenggong of Johor
Local ruler of most of Johor and Singapore
Iskandar Shah
According to the Malays Annals
The fifth king of Singapore
Name of the founder of Singapore
According to the story the Portuguese collected
Parameswara
Iskandar Shah
According to the story the Portuguese collected
Parameswara who changed his names when he converted to Islam in Melaka
Foundation of Melaka
The 2 versions
By Iskandar Shah who fled the Javanese
By Parameswara who fled the Siamese (the original local ruler of Temasek was a vassal of Siam)
Why did Parameswara go to Temasek and what did he do there
Fleeing after failing to overthrow Javanese overlordship (Srivijaya vs Majapahit)
Was accepted by Temasek local ruler and then murdered him
Where did Parameswara come from
Palembang
Why was is shameful to descend from Parameswara
- his murder of the ruler of Temasek
- his name which implies a consort of lower rank than his royal wife
Why was Raffles in Asia
He was in the British administration in position with the Dutch in Malacca
Why was Raffles in Indonesia
When Napoleon took the Netherlands, he had to leave Malacca and took Java from the Dutch and the French
Oil in Singapore islands and a date
Shell started storing kerosene on an island in ~1890 [vapo]
Use of Singapore defenses during WWII
1- deterred the Japanese from a naval bombing from the sea
2- cannons were turned to face inwards
Why didn’t the British expect a Japanese attack from the north
Malaya was covered with jungle with only one road and railway ran from north to south
Japanese purge of the Chinese: name and details
During WWII in Singapore, ethnic Chinese were called for screening but then 50,000 [lose] of them were executed
Operation Sook Ching
When did the Temenggung arrive in Singapore
1811
Singapore’s population in 1819
150 ppl (Malays arrived with the Temeggung in 1811 and 30 Chinese)
Singapore’s population in 1820
10,000, mostly Chinese
Singapore’s population reached 100,000 ppl in
~1870
Singapore’s population during WWII
1 million
Why so few people in Singapore in 1819
In 1600-1800, the port lost its importance as Europeans used other ones
How did the British fund the free port
Issuing license for opium, alcohol and gambling
Why Bugis people in Singapore
They used Singapore as their base for the western Malay Archipelago
Main good coming from the west to Singapore
Cotton
The Istana Kampong Glam was built by
The original one: Husain Shah
The current one: his son
Kampong Glam and the Hajj
Centre for the Hajj industry, in particular because boats going to Jeddah from KG, draining the whole Malay world
Dalforce
A volunteer force that resisted the Japanese during the battle of Singapore
Singapore and the Temenggong
Singapore was part of his fief
Boss of the Temenggong
The grand vizier
Had the Temenggongs took control of Johor
The son of Hussein Shah abdicated to a later Temenggong
Why Bugis started to move to Singapore
Fire shots during a Bugis wedding misled the Dutch to kill some important Bugis. A big group started to move to the newly founded Singapore.
The British concluded that the lack of knowledge of the Dutch of the local cultures was in their favour
Japanese treatment of Singapore residents during the occupation
Anti-Chinese purges
Europeans sent to Changi prison or the Death Railway
First political role of LKY
First Prime Minister of Singapore, still under the British (self-government but not independence)
Education of Lee Kuan Yew
Law at Cambridge
