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Psychology Import > history > Flashcards

history Flashcards

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1
Q

6 periods

A

Ancient Greeks, middle ages (500-1600), scientific revolution (1600-1700), Enlightenment (1700-1800) The brink of psychology (1800-1900), The saga continues (1900s)

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2
Q

Ancient Greeks

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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3
Q

Socrates

A

the original philosophic mentor who pondered the abstract ideas of truth, beauty and justice

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4
Q

Plato

A

physical world not all that could be known, presence of universal forms and innate knowledge, abstract and unsystematic

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5
Q

Aristotle

A

world’s first professor, studied based on order and logic, disagreed with Plato, believed that truth can be found in physical world

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6
Q

Middle Ages

A

understanding the mysterious world temporarily because a question for church, then philosophy was reclaimed by scholars

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7
Q

Scientific Revolution

A

Rene Descartes, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes

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8
Q

Rene Descartes

A

I think therefore I am, figure out truth through reason and deduction; dualism/ mind-body problem

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9
Q

dualism/ mind-body problem

A

Descartes, mind is a nonphysical substance that is separate from the body

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10
Q

John Locke

A

man mind is tabula rasa (blank slate) at first; knowledge not innate, from experience

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

human and animals are machines, sense-perception was all that could be known - can use science to learn people (like physics vs. machines)

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12
Q

Enlightenment

A

most important question of the time: understanding the mind (supplanted understanding existence)

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14
Q

Immanuel Kant

A

minds were active, not passive

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15
Q

Names from 1800-1900

A

Anton Mesmer

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31
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

believed healing of physical ailments came from manipulation of bodily fluids;

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33
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

created phrenology

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34
Q

phrenology

A

the idea that the nature of a person could be known by examining the shape and contours of the skull

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36
Q

Charles Darwin

A

NAME?

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38
Q

J. Spurzheim

A

carried Franz Joseph Gall on his work, even when others proved theory wrong

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39
Q

Sir Francis Galton

A

first to use statistics and created correlation coefficient; wrote Hereditary Genius, used Darwinian principles to promote eugenics

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40
Q

Eugenics

A

a plan for selective human breeding to strengthen species

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41
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

founding experimental psychology from Elements of Psychophysics;

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44
Q

Johannes Muller

A

physiologist, existence of “specific nerve energies”, taught Wilhelm Wundt

45
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

founder of psychology,

51
Q

Herbert Spencer

A

father of the psychology of adaptation,

55
Q

Lamarckian evolution

A

the idea that characteristics acquired during lifetime passed to future generations

56
Q

William James

A

father of experimental psychology, in America doing what Wundt was in Germany, combining physiology and philosophy;

60
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

sensation; hearing and color vision, foundation for modern perception research

61
Q

Stanley Hall

A

America’s first Ph.D. in psychology from Harvard;

65
Q

John Dewey

A

one of America’s most influential philosophers; synthesize philosophy and psychology;

68
Q

Edward Titchener

A

founder of structuralism,

71
Q

James Cattell

A

opened more psychology labs, thought psychology should be more scientific than Wundt

72
Q

Dorothea Lynde Dix

A

movement for better care for mentally ill through hospitalization

73
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

digestion, classical conditioning

74
Q

John B. Watson

A

founded behaviouralism;

77
Q

Nature vs. nurture

A

evolutionary psychology vs. social constructionism

79
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

law of effect; precursor to operant conditioning

80
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

studied Thorndike and Watson; Skinner box, operant conditioning;

82
Q

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka

A

Gestalt (“whole”) psychology, asserts perception is greater than the sum of its parts

83
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

One of most important in clinical, abnormal, personality

88
Q

Alfred Adler

A

individual psychology; people motivated by inferiority; 4-type theory of personality:

90
Q

Carl Gustav Jung

A

felt Freud over-emphasized sexual instinct; analytic psychology (metaphysical and mythological components - collective unconscious and unconscious archetypes; autobiography (Memories, Dreams, Reflections)

91
Q

Jean Piaget

A

cognitive development in children;

94
Q

Clark Hull

A

mechanistic behavioural ideas;

98
Q

Kenneth Spence

A

modified Hull’s Performance = drive x habit theory

99
Q

Edward Tolman

A

behaviourist, valued both behaviour and cognition;

103
Q

Purposive behaviour

A

Tolman; learning is acquired through meaningful behaviour towards a goal; sign learning

104
Q

Sign learning

A

Tolman; pursuing signs towards a goal; purposive behaviour

105
Q

Clinical psychology

A

emerged after WWII, psychology research to a practical field

106
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

founder of ethology; imprinting in ducklings; On Aggression

107
Q

Carl Rogers

A

client-centered therapy; client directs course of therapy, receives unconditional positive regard; humanistic; also first to record sessions for later study and reference

108
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

leader of humanistic psychology; examined normal or optimal functioning rather than abnormal; hierarchy of needs; people inherently strive for self-improvement

109
Q

Erik Erikson

A

8 stages of psychosocial development; noted for completeness from infancy through old age; coined “identity crisis” of adolescence

110
Q

Victor Frankl

A

existential psychology;

113
Q

Logotherapy

A

Frankl; focuses on person’s will to meaning

114
Q

Aaron Beck

A

cognitive therapy; problems arise from maladaptive ways of thinking;

Psychology Import (3 decks)

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