History 103 : US History I

Question 1

Siege of Vicksburg

Answer 1

This battle marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy. The North gained control of the entire Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy down the middle.

Question 2

The South

Answer 2

This ‘side’ within the Civil War had a strategic advantage with more experienced military leaders and the home-team advantage of fighting on their own soil.

Question 3

The Compromise of 1877

(Americas XO __)

Answer 3

This marked the end of the Reconstruction period by choosing America’s executive officer (Hayes) and removing federal troops from the South.

Question 4

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 4

Place where Gen. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Gen. Grant in 1865.

Question 5

The 13th Amendment

Answer 5

This amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States. The previous effort to do so, the Emancipation Proclamation, only partially freed the slaves.

Question 6

Settlement in the West

(As it relates to Railroads)

Answer 6

The government encouraged this movement by offering free land to two railroad companies in exchange for building new tracks to build a path to the West.

Question 7

Reconstruction Period

Answer 7

The formal name for the government’s process of trying to rebuild the South’s economy, society and infrastructure following the Civil War.

Question 8

South Carolina

Answer 8

This was the first state that voted unanimously to withdraw from the United States. This state also created a domino effect with seven states following shortly after.

Question 9

Dredd Scott Decision

Answer 9

A Supreme Court case that determined that black Americans were not citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment overturned that ruling, stating that all persons born on U.S. soil are citizens.

Question 10

The Anaconda Plan

Answer 10

Union strategy that attacked Confederacy on all sides & was successful in the Western territories; resulted in the Battle of Hampton Roads, Shiloh, Antietam, and Fall of New Orleans.

Question 11

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 11

The destruction of property by the Union army marching through Georgia to undermine the Confederate war effort.

Question 12

Slavery in the West

Answer 12

This was widely debated as the U.S. expanded West and led people to question whether or not to allow these rights in the newly acquired states.

Question 13

Suing for Freedom

(Slave Master __ Emerson)

Answer 13

After Dred Scott’s slave owner, John Emerson died, Dred Scott and his wife decided to do this to the Missouri Court.

Question 14

John Brown

Answer 14

This person was a staunch abolitionist who took part in the Underground Railroad. His goal was to take radical action and incite a slave rebellion, creating an army of freed slaves.

Question 15

General Scott’s Four-Part Plan

Answer 15

1. Blockade the South to cut off the exports and imports,
2. Seize the Mississippi River,
3. Divide the South along the Tennessee River and march east through Georgia,
4. Capture Richmond

Question 16

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 16

This freed all slaves in the rebelling Southern states.

Question 17

Causes of the Civil War

Answer 17

Slavery, states rights, and industrial and agricultural future

Question 18

The North

Answer 18

This ‘side’ in the Civil War had a larger number of weapons and men ready to fight.

Question 19

Radical Republicans

Answer 19

This group planned to reappoint plantation land to former slaves, use federal power to enforce the end of slavery in the South, and rewrite their constitutions to make slavery illegal.

Question 20

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 20

This divided the great plains territories into two states, and the issue of slavery would be decided by the settlers, not congress, in the territories by popular sovereignty.

Question 21

Andrew Johnson

Answer 21

This president vetoed numerous bills because he believed that many of them detracted from state power and gave power to the federal government.

Question 22

Presidential Election of 1860

Answer 22

This was a four-way race between a split Democratic Party, the Republican Party and the Constitutional Union Party. Despite not being on the ballot in the south, Lincoln was elected.

Question 23

Declaration of the Civil War

Answer 23

This war was never declared. Congress was out of session and the Confederacy was never recognized as a nation by any sovereign states.

Question 24

General Lee’s surrender

Answer 24

After this major act occurred, Grant and the Northerners viewed Southern rebels as fellow Americans, allowing them to keep their weapons and horses.

Question 25

Fort Sumter

Answer 25

After South Carolina’s secession, U.S. soldiers were trapped at this location. Rather than surrender, U.S. troops remained here and the Confederacy captured the federal property.

Question 26

Abolitionist Movement

Answer 26

This was spurred on following the Supreme Court decision of Dredd Scott V. Sanford and encouraged these people to continue their anti-slavery efforts.

Question 27

15th Amendment

Answer 27

The constitutional amendment stating that all males could vote regardless of their race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 28

The Battle of Bull Run

Answer 28

The Union believed that they would quickly and briefly end the Confederacy’s threats and leave triumphant, but this battle resulted in the first major Confederate victory

Question 29

State issue - The Dred Scott Case

Answer 29

The Dred Scott Case solidified that slavery was this type of issue, that black people were not citizens and the Bill of Rights did not apply to them.

Question 30

Classes Within the Encomienda System

Answer 30

1. Peninsulares; born in Spain,
2. Creoles; of pure Spanish blood, but born in the colonies rather than in Spain
3. Mestizos and Mulattos,
4. Slaves

Question 31

Location chosen for Jamestown

Answer 31

This location was chosen for its defense potential - it was inland, away from the Spanish navy, and it was on a peninsula with a deep water port with no Indians.

Question 32

Dutch disinterest in North America

Answer 32

Few Dutch citizens were motivated to leave their homes to participate in the New World fur trade since they were already wealthy and their land was generally at peace.

Question 33

Jamestown’s brown gold

Answer 33

Tobacco– the crop that is said to have saved the settlers. Tobacco was in great demand and Jamestown was booming from its abundance.

Question 34

The Columbian Exchange

Answer 34

The flow of ideas, people, plants, animals, technology, and disease that took place because of Columbus’s discovery of the New World.

Question 35

Encomienda

Answer 35

A system that provides the labor for the hacienda, or plantation. The Encomienda system granted people as labor to those given land in the Spanish colonies.

Question 36

Quakers and Pennsylvania

(Quaker = Founded By William __)

Answer 36

The Quaker faith wasn’t popular in England or in America. After being imprisoned for his faith, William Penn traveled to the New World to create a colony for Quakers named Pennsylvania.

Question 37

The Cherokee

Answer 37

An indigenous people that adopted ‘white ways’ but were forced to leave their land under President Jackson. They appealed their case to the Supreme Court.

Question 38

Professional Teachers

Answer 38

One major result of the educational reform movement was the need for more individuals in this profession to serve in free public schools.

Question 39

Alexis de Tocqueville

Answer 39

19th-century French author who was struck by the United States’ social mobility and political participation by average citizens

Question 40

James Madison

(Time in Office AND credited towards what 2 big Acts?)

Answer 40

This president’s time in office endured the War of 1812 which led to the Era of Good Feelings. He was also credited with chartering the second Bank and the Treaty of Ghent.

Question 41

John Quincy Adams

Answer 41

Attacks from the Jackson camp accused this figure of cronyism and big government. He spent a great deal of time his time in office enduring political assaults.

Question 42

Chief Justice Marshall

Answer 42

This individual helped shape the judicial branch of government through these significant cases: Marbury vs. Madison, Fletcher v. Peck and McCulloch v. Maryland

Question 43

Yeoman Farmers

Answer 43

Group of people Jefferson used to illustrate democracy because they were his ideal: small, sufficient landowners with an innate sense of responsibility.

Question 44

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

Answer 44

This compromise kept slavery from becoming the deciding factor in westward expansion and helped maintain the balance between slave and free states and postpone the Civil War.

Question 45

The Cotton Gin

Answer 45

Eli Whitney invented this device that made separating the seeds from the fiber within a cotton plat as easy as turning a handle.

Question 46

The Election of 1824

Answer 46

The election that blocked Jackson from office. This convinced Jackson that the government needed to be rid of cronyism and big government.

Question 47

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 47

A period associated with a push for free, public schooling in America due in part to an economy demanding a more educated society

Question 48

The United States Bank

Answer 48

This financial institution came under direct scrutiny under the Jackson Administration. Jackson promptly vetoed the bill supporting it as he felt it was a monopoly that only benefited the rich.

Question 49

Embargo of 1807

Answer 49

Jefferson waged an economic battle through this act in which the U.S. boycotted British imports and and experienced an 80% decrease in exports.

Question 50

The Age of the Common Man

Answer 50

The time period that focused on giving the average working person, or common man, the right to vote and have a voice.

Question 51

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 51

This was an significant act on Jefferson’s part that doubled the size of the U.S. overnight and provided a surplus of land for agricultural expansion for a very affordable price.

Question 52

Market Revolution

Answer 52

This time period shifted peoples’ way of thinking to that of a businessmen, considering cost, profit, etc.

Question 53

Native Americans

Answer 53

Andrew Jackson was very prejudiced against this group of people and supported their forced removal from their land.

Question 54

Veto

Answer 54

Andrew Jackson would use this executive power against Congress as a way to increase his power over the government.

Question 55

Supreme Court

Answer 55

Justice Marshall impacted this system by expanding the power of the federal government.

Question 56

Technological Advances

Answer 56

Industrial machines with mechanized parts, like the mechanical reaper and the steel plow, took the focus of the Market Economy.

Question 57

19th Century Market Economy

Answer 57

A century that began to focus on cash, wages and set prices and supply and demand.

Question 58

King Jackson

Answer 58

A named used mockingly by those united in their belief that President Jackson had too much power, known as the Whig Party.

Question 59

The Whig Party

Answer 59

A party created by those against Andrew Jackson. The name was not a reference to actual wigs, but the word ‘whiggamore’ or those who opposed the king.

Question 60

The Trail of Tears

Answer 60

The forced removal and march of the Native American people under the prodding of the U.S. military

Question 61

The Monroe Doctrine

Answer 61

A declaration by President Monroe that European nations could not control any place on the Western Hemisphere. It was the cornerstone of American foreign policy until WWI.

Question 62

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 62

A term that refers to President Jackson’s policies geared toward the average working citizen, including fighting against monopolies and expanding the political nomination process

Question 63

War of 1812

(What Caused It?)

Answer 63

This war was provoked against Great Britain because: American neutral rights were violated, Indian attacks, impressment of American seamen, and the opportunity to obtain part of Canada.

Question 64

The Virginia Dynasty

Answer 64

Period when the U.S. expanded the Supreme Court’s role; earned international respect because of their military; and expanded politically, geographically, and economically.

Question 65

The two wars during the Antebellum Period

Answer 65

The antebellum years spanned the War of 1812 and the Civil War.

Question 66

Obtaining the ‘lower 48’
(__ Purchase AND Franklin __ AND How Much $?)

Answer 66

Achieved through the Gadsden Purchase, Franklin Pierce completed the remaining land of the United States for $10 million, expanding southern territory.

Question 67

Seneca Falls Convention of 1848

Answer 67

The first major convention to bring attention to women’s rights and was also considered the beginning of the modern feminist movement.

Question 68

Romanticism

Answer 68

A reaction to the hyper-rational, scientific approach of the European Enlightenment. The artistic movement focused on the personal, emotional experience through visual art, music and literature.

Question 69

Romanticism influence on paintings

Answer 69

The generation before Romanticism focused on people, however, with the influence of Romanticism on paintings, dramatic landscapes and outdoor scenes took center stage.

Question 70

Major reforms of the Antebellum Period

Answer 70

Temperance to limit and ban the consumption of alcohol, free public education, abolition, and feminism.

Question 71

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

(Land $ - How Much $ AND What did it buy?)

Answer 71

The main provision of this treaty was America’s right to buy about half of Mexico’s land for $15 million (the Mexican Cession), including Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada.

Question 72

Dispute over Mexican Border

Answer 72

Mexico insisted the border was at the Nueces River, while Texas insisted it was the Rio Grande.

Question 73

Compromise of 1850

Answer 73

This admitted California into the union as a free state; the remaining land from the Mexican cession was divided into states (New Mexico and Utah) with slavery to be decided upon at statehood.

Question 74

Major focus of transportation technology

Answer 74

Steamboats and canals. Travel time and shipping rates dropped dramatically by utilizing waterways.

Question 75

Texas independence from Mexico

(Who was defeated, and how did it happen? AND when?)

Answer 75

In 1836, Texas defeated Mexican General Santa Anna and declared its independence. Mexico never recognized Texas’ independence and disputed its borders even after its annexation.

Question 76

Top priority of southern gentlemen

Answer 76

In southern societies, the men valued honor above all else, doing whatever it took to preserve the dignity of their family name, white women and children.

Question 77

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty

Answer 77

Resolved a long-standing border dispute between Canada and Maine

Question 78

Transcendentalism

Answer 78

At its core, transcendentalism emphasized the belief that by communing directly with nature, humans could transcend the sensory world and reach the supernatural.

Question 79

Results of Manifest Destiny

(War?)

Answer 79

An increase in conflict over keeping slavery in the southern states; Texas was annexed and became the 28th state, and eventually war broke out with Mexico.

Question 80

Discovery at Sutter’s Mill

(James __)

Answer 80

California was recently added to the U.S. through the Mexican Succession. James Marshall was overseeing construction on a saw mill for John Sutter when he discovered a shiny object: gold.

Question 81

Manifest Destiny

Answer 81

A widely held belief (often romanticized) in the 19th century of extending America’s borders from coast to coast as a God-given purpose (or destiny).

Question 82

Settlements in Texas in the 19th century

Answer 82

Mexico had difficulty attracting settlers into the Northeast, so they loosened their immigration standards and encouraged Americans to settle in Texas.

Question 83

Racism in the North during the Antebellum Period

Answer 83

Despite a growing abolition movement in the North, there was also apprehension about African Americans equality due to racism and competition for low-paying jobs.

Question 84

The southern economy during the Antebellum Period

Answer 84

The South’s economy at this time was centered on cash crops. Many advocated for economic diversity, but resources were spent on land and slaves, leaving hardly anything for investing.

Question 85

The Republic of Texas

Answer 85

Texas was unique from the other states in the union because before it was annexed, it was an independent republic and sovereign nation in 1836.

Question 86

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 86

Slaves who ran away were not free; accused fugitives were denied trial; many truly free blacks became the victims of illegitimate claims. Slaves who ran away from the North would be retrieved.

Question 87

54-40 or Fight

(President John __)

Answer 87

Slogan suggesting that America go to war to get all of the Oregon Territory. President John Polk aggressively pursued all of Oregon territory and argued with Britain about the boundary lines.

Question 88

Major area of improvement during the Antebellum Period

Answer 88

Transportation. A number of entrepreneurs contributed to the transportation revolution that provided new and cost-effective methods of travel like roads and turnpikes.

Question 89

Territory at stake in the French & Indian War

(Between French and English)

Answer 89

Ohio Territory; France believed they had exclusive rights to Ohio since their people had been their first, but a group of English colonists had also claimed the area and set up trade posts.

Question 90

Eighth Amendment

Answer 90

This amendment secures the freedom from excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishments.

Question 91

The Preamble of the Declaration of Independence

Answer 91

The introduction of the Declaration of Independence states the purpose of the government, created by the people, is for the people and must protect the peoples’ ‘certain unalienable rights.’

Question 92

The Boston Tea Party

Answer 92

The Colonists dumped a ship’s worth of British imported tea into the harbor as a sign of rebellion to the continued taxes placed on British goods without representation.

Question 93

First Amendment

Answer 93

This amendment guarantees the freedom of religion, speech, press, and peaceable assembly.

Question 94

Similarities between the Enlightenment & the Great Awakening

Answer 94

These both emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality. They respected each individual’s feelings and emotions and encouraged colonists to challenge traditions.

Question 95

Benjamin Franklin

(Published “Poor __ Almanack” for what?)

Answer 95

Arguably the single most important figure of the Enlightenment in America. He published Poor Richard’s Almanack to entertain the colonists and instill Enlightenment values in them.

Question 96

Northwest Ordinance

(Accomplished under what Act AND what is its purpose?)

Answer 96

Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.

Question 97

Lessons learned from Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 97

Shays’ Rebellion showed that for the American experiment to work there had to be a stronger central government.

Question 98

Famous text from the Declaration of Independence

Answer 98

‘We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty…’

Question 99

Tories

Answer 99

A group of people, also called loyalists, that were loyal to the British government and clashed with the Patriots.

Question 100

Relational Result of the French and Indian War

(Between the Colonist and whom?)

Answer 100

A significant effect of the French and Indian War was the worsened relationship between the colonies and England. The colonists were treated like second-class citizens and taxes from England piled on.

Question 101

Seventh Amendment

(Trial by Whom?)

Answer 101

This amendment secures the right of trial by jury in civil cases.

Question 102

Element of the American government designed by the Great Compromise

(__ Legislation)

Answer 102

The bicameral legislature was established, with one house based on population and one house with equal representation.

Question 103

The Battle of Saratoga

Answer 103

It was a turning point in the revolutionary war. It was also a political victory as Benjamin Franklin petitioned France and they formed an official alliance for the war.

Question 104

The Great Compromise

(As it relates to Government Systems)

Answer 104

Two separate houses would be established creating a bicameral legislature- one by population (Virginia Plan) and one where all states get equal representation (New Jersey Plan.)

Question 105

New Jersey Plan

Answer 105

This plan stated that all states get an equal number of representatives in the new government regardless of state size.

Question 106

Republicanism

Answer 106

States that the ruler gets authority from below - leaders are chosen by the people. By contrast, citizens get their rights from God, not from the monarch.

Question 107

Voting power and the Articles of Confederation

Answer 107

Under the Articles of Confederation, primary power was given to the states and each state had one vote under the unicameral legislature, meaning it only had one body or house.

Question 108

Townshend Acts

(As it relates to Taxes)
(Name = __ Townsend)

Answer 108

Charles Townshend devised a plan to get tax evaders to pay taxes indirectly through import duties. As a result, British soldiers were sent to the colonies to enforce the laws.

Question 109

Historical periods in order

Answer 109

The Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the American Revolution

Question 110

George Grenville Impact

Answer 110

Following the French and Indian War, to pay off Britain’s debtors, Grenville developed policy changes that would tax the colonies like the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act.

Question 111

The Treaty of Paris

(Year 17__)
(__ Articles in the treaty)
(What did it grant?)

Answer 111

The 1783 Treaty of Paris had ten articles and through it Britain agreed to recognize American independence as far west as the Mississippi River.

Question 112

Colonists’ effective protest method against the British

Answer 112

The colonists discovered that boycotting British goods was particularly effective in sending their message to Britain.

Question 113

Ninth Amendment

Answer 113

This amendment states that rights not listed may exist, and just because they are not listed doesn’t mean they can be violated.

Question 114

Mention of slaves in the Declaration of Independence

(Who was blamed?)

Answer 114

In the first draft, the Declaration of Independence blamed the King for ‘maintaining a market where men are bought and sold.’

Question 115

Date the Declaration was Signed

Answer 115

Fourth of July, 1776

Question 116

The constitution’s influence on government structure

Answer 116

The first three articles of the Constitution established three branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative. It divided power equally among the difference branches.

Question 117

Executive Power

Answer 117

The President through the executive branch can veto or approve new laws, pardon and appoint ambassadors, judges (Supreme Court), and other official though they must be approved by Congress.

Question 118

Problems with the Articles of Confederation

Answer 118

Congress couldn’t enforce the request for soldiers. They could print money, but they could not tax, nor back the money, so inflation soared and people had worthless money.

Question 119

King George’s Declaration of War 1756

(What prompted him to declare war?)

Answer 119

The French Troops captured Colonel Washington’s newly established fort, Fort Necessity, prompting King George to answer the colonists’ cry for help and declare war.

Question 120

Articles of Confederation

Answer 120

Created a central government for diplomacy, printing money, resolving controversies between the states and coordinating war efforts.

Question 121

Fort Duquesne Significance

Answer 121

The King had denied the colonists’ request to raise an army to put an end to the French threat until France established Fort Duquesne near present-day Pittsburgh and the King relented.

Question 122

Fourth Amendment

Answer 122

This amendment guarantees the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizure.

Question 123

The Great Awakening

Answer 123

A religious revival, the Great Awakening changed the way people thought about their relationship with the divine, with themselves and with other people. Religious tolerance increased.

Question 124

Power among the three branches

Answer 124

No branch is more powerful than another. Through the system of checks and balances, the power is divided into each of the three branches equally.

Question 125

American ideologies inspired by enlightenment

Answer 125

Religious tolerance; Government should feature a separation of powers; Democratic elections establish authority.

Question 126

The Virginia Plan

Answer 126

This plan said that each state should gain representation based on population.

Question 127

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 127

This letter insisted the colonies wanted to negotiate trade and tax regulations with Great Britain, not gain independence, but the King declared them to be in rebellion.

Question 128

The Stamp Act

Answer 128

This tax caused fierce opposition because not only did it required a stamp on all printed materials, it was a direct tax passed without any representation.

Question 129

1787 Constitutional Convention

Answer 129

The meeting was set to amend the Articles of Confederation because they proved to be too weak. The outcome of the convention was drafting a new document: the U.S. constitution.

Question 130

Relational Result of the French and Indian War

Answer 130

A significant effect of the French and Indian War was the worsened relationship between the colonies and England. The colonists were treated like second-class citizens and taxes from England piled on.

Question 131

The Battle of Saratoga

Answer 131

It was a turning point in the revolutionary war. It was also a political victory as Benjamin Franklin petitioned France and they formed an official alliance for the war.

Question 132

The constitution’s influence on government structure

Answer 132

The first three articles of the Constitution established three branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative. It divided power equally among the difference branches.

Question 133

Date the Declaration was Signed

Answer 133

Fourth of July, 1776

Question 134

The Boston Tea Party

Answer 134

The Colonists dumped a ship’s worth of British imported tea into the harbor as a sign of rebellion to the continued taxes placed on British goods without representation.

Question 135

Ideal role of women during and post-Revolution

Answer 135

Republican motherhood; women were to teach her children classical subject, the bible, and republican virtues.

Question 136

Power among the three branches

Answer 136

No branch is more powerful than another. Through the system of checks and balances, the power is divided into each of the three branches equally.

Question 137

Tenth Amendment

Answer 137

This amendment resolved the issue of state verses federal rights by declaring that powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the state.

Question 138

Eighth Amendment

Answer 138

This amendment secures the freedom from excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishments.

Question 139

Similarities between the Enlightenment & the Great Awakening

Answer 139

These both emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality. They respected each individual’s feelings and emotions and encouraged colonists to challenge traditions.

Question 140

Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

Answer 140

A publication that swayed public opinion in favor of toward rebellion. It used Biblical arguments from preachers of the Great Awakening to convince Americans they needed to rebel.

Question 141

The branches of government

Answer 141

The legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court and lower courts).

Question 142

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 142

Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.

Question 143

Three theories of how people first inhabited the Americas

(How AND From Where?)

Answer 143

Bering Land Bridge, Atlantic Theory (crossed the Atlantic), and Oceania Theory (crossed the Pacific). The early inhabitants of America moved through the East, most likely from Asia or Polynesia.

Question 144

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 144

Nathaniel Bacon organized a militia to take revenge on the Indians for their attacks. They were ordered to stop, but Bacon continued in rebellion and trashed the governor’s home.

Question 145

Indentured servants in the New World

Answer 145

First brought over the by the Dutch, these servants agreed to work for seven years and would then be freed. Eventually, they were replaced by slaves.

Question 146

The Olmec

Answer 146

The first great civilization of Mesoamerica. They developed the first written language and numbering system and served as a major influence to the other cultures that later developed.

Question 147

Mayflower Compact

Answer 147

The democratic government that acknowledged the king and God, but also consent of the governed, or letting people voluntarily agree to allow the government to have authority over them.

Question 148

Motivations of the Europeans to explore the New World

Answer 148

Glory, God and Gold. The Glory of conquering new land; For God, in an effort to convert more people to Christianity; And for Gold, in hopes of discovering untapped gold and riches.

Question 149

Main issues of the Jamestown colonists

Answer 149

The tide carried in water that was undrinkable and the area was filled with mosquitoes carrying malaria. A drought had inhibited crop growth and the settlement was also plagued by Indian attacks.

Question 150

Roanoke: first English settlement in North America

Answer 150

The first attempt was incomplete. After arriving to a small island off North Carolina (Roanoke), conflict the with Natives led the colonists to head back to England, missing the supply ship.

Question 151

Primary motivation for the Jamestown settlement

Answer 151

Finding gold.

Question 152

Colonization in Maryland

Answer 152

While people settled in VA for wealth, and religious freedom in Massachusetts, a civil war drove out Puritans from the North and led Cecil Calvert to start a colony for the Catholics: Maryland.

Question 153

Mesoamerican civilizations

Answer 153

Early advanced civilizations of Mexico and Central (or ‘middle’ derived from ‘meso’) America. Noteworthy Mesoamerican people groups were the Olmec, the Maya, and the Aztec.

Question 154

Cultural characteristics of Native American tribes

Answer 154

The women of many of these tribes did all of the work with crops, while the men primarily hunted and fished. Many of the tribal groups operated as hunter-gatherers.

Question 155

French motivations in the New World

Answer 155

France made three trips to North America in hopes of discovering the Northwest Passage and gold.

Question 156

The capture of the Inca emperor Atahualpa

Answer 156

Pizarro capitalized on the foolish decision of Atahualpa to not attack his people and kidnapped him. After holding him for ransom, the Spanish killed Atahualpa and overthrew the Incan empire.

Question 157

Mitigating the labor shortage in Jamestown

Answer 157

Tobacco was very labor-intensive which resulted in a labor shortage. The colony then employed indentured servants to work for 7 years in exchange for land.

Question 158

Right not established by states before federal law

Answer 158

Universal suffrage was not established by the state governments, instead, there were different plans which enabled only certain people to vote.

Question 159

Fifth Amendment

(3 Things)

Answer 159

This amendment protects the right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, and double jeopardy.

Question 160

The First Continental Congress

Answer 160

The First Congressional Congress met to assert their rights within the British government and protest the Tea Act, not to rebel against it.

Question 161

Common Misconception of the Declaration of Independence

Answer 161

This letter did NOT establish a new government for the former American colonies.

Question 162

Colonists’ effective protest method against the British

Answer 162

The colonists discovered that boycotting British goods was particularly effective in sending their message to Britain.

Question 163

General Edward Braddock

Answer 163

When Britain decided that they needed more experienced leadership, they dispatched General Edward Braddock with an aggressive 3-pronged battle plan, but he was killed on his way to battle.

Question 164

Actions of the Declaration of Independence

Answer 164

It officially separated the colonies from British control, committed the colonists to the idea of the consent of the governed, blamed the King for their rebellion, and set a new precedent.

Question 165

Representative and Senator terms

Answer 165

Under the legislative branch of government, US Senators are elected every 6 years, and Representatives elected every 2 years.

Question 166

Shays’ Rebellion

Answer 166

With the economic crisis, Daniel Shays and others went to the state courthouse to rebel and stop them from the foreclosures. With no American military under the Articles, no one could stop them.

Question 167

XYZ Affair

(Whos Presidency and What did it Do?)

Answer 167

Occurred during John Adams’ presidency; averted war with France.

Question 168

The Supreme Court Judge

Answer 168

Through the judicial branch, the Supreme Court Judge serves for life, not a set number of years; and they are appointed, not elected; they can declare laws to be unconstitutional;

Question 169

Slavery and the Declaration of Independence

Answer 169

The Declaration of Independence definitively outlined the rights of the people and many African Americans thought the new government would defend their rights as well. Unfortunately, slavery was left out entirely.

Question 170

Federalist Papers

Answer 170

The Federalists, or those in support of the ratification, wrote 85 essays for New York Newspapers analyzing the constitution and attempting to convince people to ratify the Constitution.

Question 171

Empowerment from the Articles of Confederation

Answer 171

The Articles of Confederation assigned the most power to the states, not the federal government.

Question 172

John Paul Jones

Answer 172

Scotsmen who became internationally renowned for his naval victories like the 1779 victory over His Majesty’s Ship Serapis

Question 173

Outcomes of the French and Indian War

Answer 173

It improved relationships between some Native American groups; It placed England in debt and led them to tax the colonists; It ended with British troops returning to police.

Question 174

Sixth Amendment

Answer 174

This amendment states the rights of those accused of a crime, such as the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to have an attorney.

Question 175

What correctly describes land-grant institutions?

Answer 175

Beginning in the early 1860s, the federal government granted land to the new states that they were allowed to then sell to raise money to fund the establishment of colleges.

Question 176

Whose name was associated with the beginnings of the temperance movement during the Great Awakening?

Answer 176

Lyman Beecher

Question 177

How did the English settlers who founded Jamestown plan to become rich?

Answer 177

By prospecting for Gold

Question 178

Why was the Louisiana Purchase and the funding provided to map and explore it so important to Thomas Jefferson and his presidency?

Answer 178

It provided support of his vision of an expansionist, agricultural society.

Question 179

The Dred Scott case was a law suit that:

Answer 179

Petitioned the court to grant freedom to two slaves who were husband and wife.

Question 180

What is the connection between John Brown and Harper’s Ferry, Virginia?

Answer 180

Harper’s Ferry was the site of John Brown’s failed attempt to lead an armed slave rebellion.

Question 181

The death of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson after this battle deprived the Confederate Army of one of its most competent commanders:

(Battle of __)

Answer 181

The Battle of Chancellorsville

Question 182

During the Reconstruction years many Northerners _____

Answer 182

Wanted to make the South pay for the destruction caused during the war.

Question 183

Which of the following was the precipitating event of the Boston Tea Party?

(Parliament Passed What?)

Answer 183

Parliament passed a new tax, that while making imported tea cheaper, was but another instance of ‘taxation without representation.’

Question 184

The political campaigns of 1876 boiled down to which of the following positions or assertions held by the opposing parties?

Answer 184

The Democrats advocated ending Reconstruction, while the Republicans claimed the Democrats were essentially still rebels and shouldn’t be trusted.

Question 185

Third Amendment

Answer 185

This amendment guarantees no quartering of soldiers, without the consent of the home owner.

Question 186

Northwest Ordinance

Answer 186

Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.