History 103 : US History I Flashcards
1
Q
Siege of Vicksburg
A
This battle marked the beginning of the end for the Confederacy. The North gained control of the entire Mississippi River and divided the Confederacy down the middle.
2
Q
The South
A
This ‘side’ within the Civil War had a strategic advantage with more experienced military leaders and the home-team advantage of fighting on their own soil.
3
Q
The Compromise of 1877
(Americas XO __)
A
This marked the end of the Reconstruction period by choosing America’s executive officer (Hayes) and removing federal troops from the South.
4
Q
Appomattox Courthouse
A
Place where Gen. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Gen. Grant in 1865.
5
Q
The 13th Amendment
A
This amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States. The previous effort to do so, the Emancipation Proclamation, only partially freed the slaves.
6
Q
Settlement in the West
(As it relates to Railroads)
A
The government encouraged this movement by offering free land to two railroad companies in exchange for building new tracks to build a path to the West.
7
Q
Reconstruction Period
A
The formal name for the government’s process of trying to rebuild the South’s economy, society and infrastructure following the Civil War.
8
Q
South Carolina
A
This was the first state that voted unanimously to withdraw from the United States. This state also created a domino effect with seven states following shortly after.
9
Q
Dredd Scott Decision
A
A Supreme Court case that determined that black Americans were not citizens. The Fourteenth Amendment overturned that ruling, stating that all persons born on U.S. soil are citizens.
10
Q
The Anaconda Plan
A
Union strategy that attacked Confederacy on all sides & was successful in the Western territories; resulted in the Battle of Hampton Roads, Shiloh, Antietam, and Fall of New Orleans.
11
Q
Sherman’s March to the Sea
A
The destruction of property by the Union army marching through Georgia to undermine the Confederate war effort.
12
Q
Slavery in the West
A
This was widely debated as the U.S. expanded West and led people to question whether or not to allow these rights in the newly acquired states.
13
Q
Suing for Freedom
(Slave Master __ Emerson)
A
After Dred Scott’s slave owner, John Emerson died, Dred Scott and his wife decided to do this to the Missouri Court.
14
Q
John Brown
A
This person was a staunch abolitionist who took part in the Underground Railroad. His goal was to take radical action and incite a slave rebellion, creating an army of freed slaves.
15
Q
General Scott’s Four-Part Plan
A
- Blockade the South to cut off the exports and imports,
- Seize the Mississippi River,
- Divide the South along the Tennessee River and march east through Georgia,
- Capture Richmond
16
Q
Emancipation Proclamation
A
This freed all slaves in the rebelling Southern states.
17
Q
Causes of the Civil War
A
Slavery, states rights, and industrial and agricultural future
18
Q
The North
A
This ‘side’ in the Civil War had a larger number of weapons and men ready to fight.
19
Q
Radical Republicans
A
This group planned to reappoint plantation land to former slaves, use federal power to enforce the end of slavery in the South, and rewrite their constitutions to make slavery illegal.
20
Q
Kansas-Nebraska Act
A
This divided the great plains territories into two states, and the issue of slavery would be decided by the settlers, not congress, in the territories by popular sovereignty.
21
Q
Andrew Johnson
A
This president vetoed numerous bills because he believed that many of them detracted from state power and gave power to the federal government.
22
Q
Presidential Election of 1860
A
This was a four-way race between a split Democratic Party, the Republican Party and the Constitutional Union Party. Despite not being on the ballot in the south, Lincoln was elected.
23
Q
Declaration of the Civil War
A
This war was never declared. Congress was out of session and the Confederacy was never recognized as a nation by any sovereign states.
24
Q
General Lee’s surrender
A
After this major act occurred, Grant and the Northerners viewed Southern rebels as fellow Americans, allowing them to keep their weapons and horses.
25
Fort Sumter
After South Carolina's secession, U.S. soldiers were trapped at this location. Rather than surrender, U.S. troops remained here and the Confederacy captured the federal property.
26
Abolitionist Movement
This was spurred on following the Supreme Court decision of Dredd Scott V. Sanford and encouraged these people to continue their anti-slavery efforts.
27
15th Amendment
The constitutional amendment stating that all males could vote regardless of their race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
28
The Battle of Bull Run
The Union believed that they would quickly and briefly end the Confederacy's threats and leave triumphant, but this battle resulted in the first major Confederate victory
29
State issue - The Dred Scott Case
The Dred Scott Case solidified that slavery was this type of issue, that black people were not citizens and the Bill of Rights did not apply to them.
30
Classes Within the Encomienda System
1. Peninsulares; born in Spain,
2. Creoles; of pure Spanish blood, but born in the colonies rather than in Spain
3. Mestizos and Mulattos,
4. Slaves
31
Location chosen for Jamestown
This location was chosen for its defense potential - it was inland, away from the Spanish navy, and it was on a peninsula with a deep water port with no Indians.
32
Dutch disinterest in North America
Few Dutch citizens were motivated to leave their homes to participate in the New World fur trade since they were already wealthy and their land was generally at peace.
33
Jamestown's brown gold
Tobacco-- the crop that is said to have saved the settlers. Tobacco was in great demand and Jamestown was booming from its abundance.
34
The Columbian Exchange
The flow of ideas, people, plants, animals, technology, and disease that took place because of Columbus's discovery of the New World.
35
Encomienda
A system that provides the labor for the hacienda, or plantation. The Encomienda system granted people as labor to those given land in the Spanish colonies.
36
Quakers and Pennsylvania
(Quaker = Founded By William __)
The Quaker faith wasn't popular in England or in America. After being imprisoned for his faith, William Penn traveled to the New World to create a colony for Quakers named Pennsylvania.
37
The Cherokee
An indigenous people that adopted 'white ways' but were forced to leave their land under President Jackson. They appealed their case to the Supreme Court.
38
Professional Teachers
One major result of the educational reform movement was the need for more individuals in this profession to serve in free public schools.
39
Alexis de Tocqueville
19th-century French author who was struck by the United States' social mobility and political participation by average citizens
40
James Madison
(Time in Office AND credited towards what 2 big Acts?)
This president's time in office endured the War of 1812 which led to the Era of Good Feelings. He was also credited with chartering the second Bank and the Treaty of Ghent.
41
John Quincy Adams
Attacks from the Jackson camp accused this figure of cronyism and big government. He spent a great deal of time his time in office enduring political assaults.
42
Chief Justice Marshall
This individual helped shape the judicial branch of government through these significant cases: Marbury vs. Madison, Fletcher v. Peck and McCulloch v. Maryland
43
Yeoman Farmers
Group of people Jefferson used to illustrate democracy because they were his ideal: small, sufficient landowners with an innate sense of responsibility.
44
The Missouri Compromise of 1820
This compromise kept slavery from becoming the deciding factor in westward expansion and helped maintain the balance between slave and free states and postpone the Civil War.
45
The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney invented this device that made separating the seeds from the fiber within a cotton plat as easy as turning a handle.
46
The Election of 1824
The election that blocked Jackson from office. This convinced Jackson that the government needed to be rid of cronyism and big government.
47
The Second Great Awakening
A period associated with a push for free, public schooling in America due in part to an economy demanding a more educated society
48
The United States Bank
This financial institution came under direct scrutiny under the Jackson Administration. Jackson promptly vetoed the bill supporting it as he felt it was a monopoly that only benefited the rich.
49
Embargo of 1807
Jefferson waged an economic battle through this act in which the U.S. boycotted British imports and and experienced an 80% decrease in exports.
50
The Age of the Common Man
The time period that focused on giving the average working person, or common man, the right to vote and have a voice.
51
Louisiana Purchase
This was an significant act on Jefferson's part that doubled the size of the U.S. overnight and provided a surplus of land for agricultural expansion for a very affordable price.
52
Market Revolution
This time period shifted peoples' way of thinking to that of a businessmen, considering cost, profit, etc.
53
Native Americans
Andrew Jackson was very prejudiced against this group of people and supported their forced removal from their land.
54
Veto
Andrew Jackson would use this executive power against Congress as a way to increase his power over the government.
55
Supreme Court
Justice Marshall impacted this system by expanding the power of the federal government.
56
Technological Advances
Industrial machines with mechanized parts, like the mechanical reaper and the steel plow, took the focus of the Market Economy.
57
19th Century Market Economy
A century that began to focus on cash, wages and set prices and supply and demand.
58
King Jackson
A named used mockingly by those united in their belief that President Jackson had too much power, known as the Whig Party.
59
The Whig Party
A party created by those against Andrew Jackson. The name was not a reference to actual wigs, but the word 'whiggamore' or those who opposed the king.
60
The Trail of Tears
The forced removal and march of the Native American people under the prodding of the U.S. military
61
The Monroe Doctrine
A declaration by President Monroe that European nations could not control any place on the Western Hemisphere. It was the cornerstone of American foreign policy until WWI.
62
Jacksonian Democracy
A term that refers to President Jackson's policies geared toward the average working citizen, including fighting against monopolies and expanding the political nomination process
63
War of 1812
(What Caused It?)
This war was provoked against Great Britain because: American neutral rights were violated, Indian attacks, impressment of American seamen, and the opportunity to obtain part of Canada.
64
The Virginia Dynasty
Period when the U.S. expanded the Supreme Court's role; earned international respect because of their military; and expanded politically, geographically, and economically.
65
The two wars during the Antebellum Period
The antebellum years spanned the War of 1812 and the Civil War.
66
Obtaining the 'lower 48'
(__ Purchase AND Franklin __ AND How Much $?)
Achieved through the Gadsden Purchase, Franklin Pierce completed the remaining land of the United States for $10 million, expanding southern territory.
67
Seneca Falls Convention of 1848
The first major convention to bring attention to women's rights and was also considered the beginning of the modern feminist movement.
68
Romanticism
A reaction to the hyper-rational, scientific approach of the European Enlightenment. The artistic movement focused on the personal, emotional experience through visual art, music and literature.
69
Romanticism influence on paintings
The generation before Romanticism focused on people, however, with the influence of Romanticism on paintings, dramatic landscapes and outdoor scenes took center stage.
70
Major reforms of the Antebellum Period
Temperance to limit and ban the consumption of alcohol, free public education, abolition, and feminism.
71
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
(Land $ - How Much $ AND What did it buy?)
The main provision of this treaty was America's right to buy about half of Mexico's land for $15 million (the Mexican Cession), including Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and Nevada.
72
Dispute over Mexican Border
Mexico insisted the border was at the Nueces River, while Texas insisted it was the Rio Grande.
73
Compromise of 1850
This admitted California into the union as a free state; the remaining land from the Mexican cession was divided into states (New Mexico and Utah) with slavery to be decided upon at statehood.
74
Major focus of transportation technology
Steamboats and canals. Travel time and shipping rates dropped dramatically by utilizing waterways.
75
Texas independence from Mexico
(Who was defeated, and how did it happen? AND when?)
In 1836, Texas defeated Mexican General Santa Anna and declared its independence. Mexico never recognized Texas' independence and disputed its borders even after its annexation.
76
Top priority of southern gentlemen
In southern societies, the men valued honor above all else, doing whatever it took to preserve the dignity of their family name, white women and children.
77
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Resolved a long-standing border dispute between Canada and Maine
78
Transcendentalism
At its core, transcendentalism emphasized the belief that by communing directly with nature, humans could transcend the sensory world and reach the supernatural.
79
Results of Manifest Destiny
(War?)
An increase in conflict over keeping slavery in the southern states; Texas was annexed and became the 28th state, and eventually war broke out with Mexico.
80
Discovery at Sutter's Mill
(James __)
California was recently added to the U.S. through the Mexican Succession. James Marshall was overseeing construction on a saw mill for John Sutter when he discovered a shiny object: gold.
81
Manifest Destiny
A widely held belief (often romanticized) in the 19th century of extending America's borders from coast to coast as a God-given purpose (or destiny).
82
Settlements in Texas in the 19th century
Mexico had difficulty attracting settlers into the Northeast, so they loosened their immigration standards and encouraged Americans to settle in Texas.
83
Racism in the North during the Antebellum Period
Despite a growing abolition movement in the North, there was also apprehension about African Americans equality due to racism and competition for low-paying jobs.
84
The southern economy during the Antebellum Period
The South's economy at this time was centered on cash crops. Many advocated for economic diversity, but resources were spent on land and slaves, leaving hardly anything for investing.
85
The Republic of Texas
Texas was unique from the other states in the union because before it was annexed, it was an independent republic and sovereign nation in 1836.
86
Fugitive Slave Act
Slaves who ran away were not free; accused fugitives were denied trial; many truly free blacks became the victims of illegitimate claims. Slaves who ran away from the North would be retrieved.
87
54-40 or Fight
(President John __)
Slogan suggesting that America go to war to get all of the Oregon Territory. President John Polk aggressively pursued all of Oregon territory and argued with Britain about the boundary lines.
88
Major area of improvement during the Antebellum Period
Transportation. A number of entrepreneurs contributed to the transportation revolution that provided new and cost-effective methods of travel like roads and turnpikes.
89
Territory at stake in the French & Indian War
(Between French and English)
Ohio Territory; France believed they had exclusive rights to Ohio since their people had been their first, but a group of English colonists had also claimed the area and set up trade posts.
90
Eighth Amendment
This amendment secures the freedom from excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishments.
91
The Preamble of the Declaration of Independence
The introduction of the Declaration of Independence states the purpose of the government, created by the people, is for the people and must protect the peoples' 'certain unalienable rights.'
92
The Boston Tea Party
The Colonists dumped a ship's worth of British imported tea into the harbor as a sign of rebellion to the continued taxes placed on British goods without representation.
93
First Amendment
This amendment guarantees the freedom of religion, speech, press, and peaceable assembly.
94
Similarities between the Enlightenment & the Great Awakening
These both emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality. They respected each individual's feelings and emotions and encouraged colonists to challenge traditions.
95
Benjamin Franklin
(Published "Poor __ Almanack" for what?)
Arguably the single most important figure of the Enlightenment in America. He published Poor Richard's Almanack to entertain the colonists and instill Enlightenment values in them.
96
Northwest Ordinance
(Accomplished under what Act AND what is its purpose?)
Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.
97
Lessons learned from Shays' Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion showed that for the American experiment to work there had to be a stronger central government.
98
Famous text from the Declaration of Independence
'We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty...'
99
Tories
A group of people, also called loyalists, that were loyal to the British government and clashed with the Patriots.
100
Relational Result of the French and Indian War
(Between the Colonist and whom?)
A significant effect of the French and Indian War was the worsened relationship between the colonies and England. The colonists were treated like second-class citizens and taxes from England piled on.
101
Seventh Amendment
(Trial by Whom?)
This amendment secures the right of trial by jury in civil cases.
102
Element of the American government designed by the Great Compromise
(__ Legislation)
The bicameral legislature was established, with one house based on population and one house with equal representation.
103
The Battle of Saratoga
It was a turning point in the revolutionary war. It was also a political victory as Benjamin Franklin petitioned France and they formed an official alliance for the war.
104
The Great Compromise
(As it relates to Government Systems)
Two separate houses would be established creating a bicameral legislature- one by population (Virginia Plan) and one where all states get equal representation (New Jersey Plan.)
105
New Jersey Plan
This plan stated that all states get an equal number of representatives in the new government regardless of state size.
106
Republicanism
States that the ruler gets authority from below - leaders are chosen by the people. By contrast, citizens get their rights from God, not from the monarch.
107
Voting power and the Articles of Confederation
Under the Articles of Confederation, primary power was given to the states and each state had one vote under the unicameral legislature, meaning it only had one body or house.
108
Townshend Acts
(As it relates to Taxes)
(Name = __ Townsend)
Charles Townshend devised a plan to get tax evaders to pay taxes indirectly through import duties. As a result, British soldiers were sent to the colonies to enforce the laws.
109
Historical periods in order
The Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the American Revolution
110
George Grenville Impact
Following the French and Indian War, to pay off Britain's debtors, Grenville developed policy changes that would tax the colonies like the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act.
111
The Treaty of Paris
(Year 17__)
(__ Articles in the treaty)
(What did it grant?)
The 1783 Treaty of Paris had ten articles and through it Britain agreed to recognize American independence as far west as the Mississippi River.
112
Colonists' effective protest method against the British
The colonists discovered that boycotting British goods was particularly effective in sending their message to Britain.
113
Ninth Amendment
This amendment states that rights not listed may exist, and just because they are not listed doesn't mean they can be violated.
114
Mention of slaves in the Declaration of Independence
(Who was blamed?)
In the first draft, the Declaration of Independence blamed the King for 'maintaining a market where men are bought and sold.'
115
Date the Declaration was Signed
Fourth of July, 1776
116
The constitution's influence on government structure
The first three articles of the Constitution established three branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative. It divided power equally among the difference branches.
117
Executive Power
The President through the executive branch can veto or approve new laws, pardon and appoint ambassadors, judges (Supreme Court), and other official though they must be approved by Congress.
118
Problems with the Articles of Confederation
Congress couldn't enforce the request for soldiers. They could print money, but they could not tax, nor back the money, so inflation soared and people had worthless money.
119
King George's Declaration of War 1756
(What prompted him to declare war?)
The French Troops captured Colonel Washington's newly established fort, Fort Necessity, prompting King George to answer the colonists' cry for help and declare war.
120
Articles of Confederation
Created a central government for diplomacy, printing money, resolving controversies between the states and coordinating war efforts.
121
Fort Duquesne Significance
The King had denied the colonists' request to raise an army to put an end to the French threat until France established Fort Duquesne near present-day Pittsburgh and the King relented.
122
Fourth Amendment
This amendment guarantees the freedom from unreasonable searches and seizure.
123
The Great Awakening
A religious revival, the Great Awakening changed the way people thought about their relationship with the divine, with themselves and with other people. Religious tolerance increased.
124
Power among the three branches
No branch is more powerful than another. Through the system of checks and balances, the power is divided into each of the three branches equally.
125
American ideologies inspired by enlightenment
Religious tolerance; Government should feature a separation of powers; Democratic elections establish authority.
126
The Virginia Plan
This plan said that each state should gain representation based on population.
127
Olive Branch Petition
This letter insisted the colonies wanted to negotiate trade and tax regulations with Great Britain, not gain independence, but the King declared them to be in rebellion.
128
The Stamp Act
This tax caused fierce opposition because not only did it required a stamp on all printed materials, it was a direct tax passed without any representation.
129
1787 Constitutional Convention
The meeting was set to amend the Articles of Confederation because they proved to be too weak. The outcome of the convention was drafting a new document: the U.S. constitution.
130
Relational Result of the French and Indian War
A significant effect of the French and Indian War was the worsened relationship between the colonies and England. The colonists were treated like second-class citizens and taxes from England piled on.
131
The Battle of Saratoga
It was a turning point in the revolutionary war. It was also a political victory as Benjamin Franklin petitioned France and they formed an official alliance for the war.
132
The constitution's influence on government structure
The first three articles of the Constitution established three branches of government: executive, judicial, and legislative. It divided power equally among the difference branches.
133
Date the Declaration was Signed
Fourth of July, 1776
134
The Boston Tea Party
The Colonists dumped a ship's worth of British imported tea into the harbor as a sign of rebellion to the continued taxes placed on British goods without representation.
135
Ideal role of women during and post-Revolution
Republican motherhood; women were to teach her children classical subject, the bible, and republican virtues.
136
Power among the three branches
No branch is more powerful than another. Through the system of checks and balances, the power is divided into each of the three branches equally.
137
Tenth Amendment
This amendment resolved the issue of state verses federal rights by declaring that powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the state.
138
Eighth Amendment
This amendment secures the freedom from excessive bail, and cruel and unusual punishments.
139
Similarities between the Enlightenment & the Great Awakening
These both emphasized human decision in matters of religion and morality. They respected each individual's feelings and emotions and encouraged colonists to challenge traditions.
140
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
A publication that swayed public opinion in favor of toward rebellion. It used Biblical arguments from preachers of the Great Awakening to convince Americans they needed to rebel.
141
The branches of government
The legislative (Congress), executive (President), and judicial (Supreme Court and lower courts).
142
Northwest Ordinance
Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.
143
Three theories of how people first inhabited the Americas
(How AND From Where?)
Bering Land Bridge, Atlantic Theory (crossed the Atlantic), and Oceania Theory (crossed the Pacific). The early inhabitants of America moved through the East, most likely from Asia or Polynesia.
144
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon organized a militia to take revenge on the Indians for their attacks. They were ordered to stop, but Bacon continued in rebellion and trashed the governor's home.
145
Indentured servants in the New World
First brought over the by the Dutch, these servants agreed to work for seven years and would then be freed. Eventually, they were replaced by slaves.
146
The Olmec
The first great civilization of Mesoamerica. They developed the first written language and numbering system and served as a major influence to the other cultures that later developed.
147
Mayflower Compact
The democratic government that acknowledged the king and God, but also consent of the governed, or letting people voluntarily agree to allow the government to have authority over them.
148
Motivations of the Europeans to explore the New World
Glory, God and Gold. The Glory of conquering new land; For God, in an effort to convert more people to Christianity; And for Gold, in hopes of discovering untapped gold and riches.
149
Main issues of the Jamestown colonists
The tide carried in water that was undrinkable and the area was filled with mosquitoes carrying malaria. A drought had inhibited crop growth and the settlement was also plagued by Indian attacks.
150
Roanoke: first English settlement in North America
The first attempt was incomplete. After arriving to a small island off North Carolina (Roanoke), conflict the with Natives led the colonists to head back to England, missing the supply ship.
151
Primary motivation for the Jamestown settlement
Finding gold.
152
Colonization in Maryland
While people settled in VA for wealth, and religious freedom in Massachusetts, a civil war drove out Puritans from the North and led Cecil Calvert to start a colony for the Catholics: Maryland.
153
Mesoamerican civilizations
Early advanced civilizations of Mexico and Central (or 'middle' derived from 'meso') America. Noteworthy Mesoamerican people groups were the Olmec, the Maya, and the Aztec.
154
Cultural characteristics of Native American tribes
The women of many of these tribes did all of the work with crops, while the men primarily hunted and fished. Many of the tribal groups operated as hunter-gatherers.
155
French motivations in the New World
France made three trips to North America in hopes of discovering the Northwest Passage and gold.
156
The capture of the Inca emperor Atahualpa
Pizarro capitalized on the foolish decision of Atahualpa to not attack his people and kidnapped him. After holding him for ransom, the Spanish killed Atahualpa and overthrew the Incan empire.
157
Mitigating the labor shortage in Jamestown
Tobacco was very labor-intensive which resulted in a labor shortage. The colony then employed indentured servants to work for 7 years in exchange for land.
158
Right not established by states before federal law
Universal suffrage was not established by the state governments, instead, there were different plans which enabled only certain people to vote.
159
Fifth Amendment
(3 Things)
This amendment protects the right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, and double jeopardy.
160
The First Continental Congress
The First Congressional Congress met to assert their rights within the British government and protest the Tea Act, not to rebel against it.
161
Common Misconception of the Declaration of Independence
This letter did NOT establish a new government for the former American colonies.
162
Colonists' effective protest method against the British
The colonists discovered that boycotting British goods was particularly effective in sending their message to Britain.
163
General Edward Braddock
When Britain decided that they needed more experienced leadership, they dispatched General Edward Braddock with an aggressive 3-pronged battle plan, but he was killed on his way to battle.
164
Actions of the Declaration of Independence
It officially separated the colonies from British control, committed the colonists to the idea of the consent of the governed, blamed the King for their rebellion, and set a new precedent.
165
Representative and Senator terms
Under the legislative branch of government, US Senators are elected every 6 years, and Representatives elected every 2 years.
166
Shays' Rebellion
With the economic crisis, Daniel Shays and others went to the state courthouse to rebel and stop them from the foreclosures. With no American military under the Articles, no one could stop them.
167
XYZ Affair
(Whos Presidency and What did it Do?)
Occurred during John Adams' presidency; averted war with France.
168
The Supreme Court Judge
Through the judicial branch, the Supreme Court Judge serves for life, not a set number of years; and they are appointed, not elected; they can declare laws to be unconstitutional;
169
Slavery and the Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence definitively outlined the rights of the people and many African Americans thought the new government would defend their rights as well. Unfortunately, slavery was left out entirely.
170
Federalist Papers
The Federalists, or those in support of the ratification, wrote 85 essays for New York Newspapers analyzing the constitution and attempting to convince people to ratify the Constitution.
171
Empowerment from the Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation assigned the most power to the states, not the federal government.
172
John Paul Jones
Scotsmen who became internationally renowned for his naval victories like the 1779 victory over His Majesty's Ship Serapis
173
Outcomes of the French and Indian War
It improved relationships between some Native American groups; It placed England in debt and led them to tax the colonists; It ended with British troops returning to police.
174
Sixth Amendment
This amendment states the rights of those accused of a crime, such as the right to a speedy and public trial and the right to have an attorney.
175
What correctly describes land-grant institutions?
Beginning in the early 1860s, the federal government granted land to the new states that they were allowed to then sell to raise money to fund the establishment of colleges.
176
Whose name was associated with the beginnings of the temperance movement during the Great Awakening?
Lyman Beecher
177
How did the English settlers who founded Jamestown plan to become rich?
By prospecting for Gold
178
Why was the Louisiana Purchase and the funding provided to map and explore it so important to Thomas Jefferson and his presidency?
It provided support of his vision of an expansionist, agricultural society.
179
The Dred Scott case was a law suit that:
Petitioned the court to grant freedom to two slaves who were husband and wife.
180
What is the connection between John Brown and Harper's Ferry, Virginia?
Harper's Ferry was the site of John Brown's failed attempt to lead an armed slave rebellion.
181
The death of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson after this battle deprived the Confederate Army of one of its most competent commanders:
(Battle of __)
The Battle of Chancellorsville
182
During the Reconstruction years many Northerners _____
Wanted to make the South pay for the destruction caused during the war.
183
Which of the following was the precipitating event of the Boston Tea Party?
(Parliament Passed What?)
Parliament passed a new tax, that while making imported tea cheaper, was but another instance of 'taxation without representation.'
184
The political campaigns of 1876 boiled down to which of the following positions or assertions held by the opposing parties?
The Democrats advocated ending Reconstruction, while the Republicans claimed the Democrats were essentially still rebels and shouldn't be trusted.
185
Third Amendment
This amendment guarantees no quartering of soldiers, without the consent of the home owner.
186
Northwest Ordinance
Accomplished under the Articles of Confederation, this ordinance was passed to organize territories and establish a clear path to statehood.
