History 102- Final Exam

Question 1

What is a paradigm?

Answer 1

A set of assumptions, concepts, and values that define a worldview.

Question 2

What is the Copernicus/Heliocentric Model?

Answer 2

Earth and it’s planets revolve around a fixed sun at the center of the solar system.

Question 3

Who was known as the father of Astronomy and one of the first scientists to use a telescope to view the skies?

Answer 3

Galileo Galilee

Question 4

What are Textile Mills?

Answer 4

Factories that produced fabrics and were the first successful industry of the scientific revolution.

Question 5

Who developed the first efficient and profitable steam engine?

Answer 5

James Watt

Question 6

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

Answer 6

An underground organization who protested unfair taxes and supported boycotts of British goods.

Question 7

What were the first two battles in the American revolution?

Answer 7

Lexington and Concord in April of 1775

Question 8

What was the Estates General?

Answer 8

The representative body of France pre-revolution that was composed of three states: the first was clergy, second was nobility, and third was the commoners.

Question 9

A royal prison that housed the King’s enemies and a large arsenal of weapons.

Answer 9

The Bastille

Question 10

Who was the most influential member of the National Assembly that took control during the chaos following the royal executions.

Answer 10

Maximilian Robespierre

Question 11

What was the 1873 three Emperor’s League?

Answer 11

A formal alliance between Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Germany.

Question 12

What countries were in the Triple Alliance?

Answer 12

The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy against France and Russia.

Question 13

What was the secret alliance treaty with Russia that Bismarck signed promising neutrality if either nation got involved in a war?

Answer 13

The Russian German Reinsurance Treaty of 1887

Question 14

What is nationalism?

Answer 14

Pride in your nation and the belief that your people are the best people.

Question 15

What did Balkan Nationalism contribute to WWI?

Answer 15

It ignited tensions in Europe that led to the war, as the region had valuable resources and land desired by other European countries.

Question 16

Who made up the Triple Entente?

Answer 16

The alliance formed between Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Question 17

Who was Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand?

Answer 17

The heir to the Austrian throne who’s visit to Sarajevo led to his assassination. This event is credited as the start of WWI.

Question 18

What was the first major battle of WWI, and what happened?

Answer 18

The Battle of the Marne (Sept 1924) it was an attempt to defend Paris from the German advance. allied powers managed to keep Central powers out of Paris.

Question 19

What was the allied assault against Central Powers and holds the record for most men killed in one day; 58,000?

Answer 19

The Battle of the Somme (July 1-Nov 18)

Question 20

What happened to the Lusitania in May of 1915?

Answer 20

It was a passenger shop that was torpedoed by the Germans off the coast of Ireland because they knew the U.S. was using it to smuggle weapons and supplies.

Question 21

What were the demands of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 21

-War guilt clause: Germany takes full blame
-reparations: Germany must pay all damages
-Military Restrictions: Germany to cut army to 100,000 with a heavily reduced navy
-Territories: give back all the conquered land
-Demilitarized Zone: all land 30 mi East of the Rhine river was to be unarmed by Germany
-required all nations must consult with the league of nations before declaring war.

Question 22

What is Eugenics?

Answer 22

A form of biological racism that states not only are there certain races less than others but they are genetically inferior and must be eliminated.

Question 23

What was the Rhineland?

Answer 23

The demilitarized zone installed by the Treaty of Versailles that Hitler invades, placing troops right next to the French border.

Question 24

What happened to Poland on Sept 1st,1939 and why?

Answer 24

Hitler invades Poland. He believed the European nations were weak and did not believe in their threats to declare war.

Question 25

What were the air raids of Great Britain called and why did Hitler do it?

Answer 25

German: Luftwaffe-the Battle of Britain (1940)- Hitler wanted to bomb British cities to break their resolve; it only strengthened it.

Question 26

What Bill was passed when Great Britain and France couldn’t pay cash for war goods and the U.S. declared they could borrow them and return them post-war?

Answer 26

The Lend-Lease Bill (1940)

Question 27

What were the Nuremberg Trials/laws of 1935?

Answer 27

Laws passed in Germany occupied countries that forbade Jews from owning a home or business and stripped them of their citizenship.

Question 28

A meeting among the “big Three” (Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin) to determine what to do with Hitler’s empire after his defeat.

Answer 28

The Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)

Question 29

What countries made up the “Big Three”?

Answer 29

The U.S (Franklin Roosevelt), Great Britain (Winston Churchill), and Soviet Russia (Joseph Stalin)

Question 30

What happened in the division of Germany and Berlin?

Answer 30

Germany and Berlin were divided into 4 sections ruled by separate allied powers and it would allow each nation to stabilize their region before re-unifying Germany 5 years later.

Question 31

What was the Berlin Airlift (June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949)?

Answer 31

To prevent famine and suffering, the U.S. started a campaign to air drop supplies into locations in the west of Berlin.

Question 32

What was the purpose of the 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)?

Answer 32

To unite the U.S. and European allies in the defense of democratic values and to check the power of the Soviet Union.

Question 33

What was the Red Scare?

Answer 33

A fear that Communistic (Soviet Union) beliefs would spread throughout the world causing war and economic ruin.

Question 34

What was the “Arms Race”

Answer 34

Both U.S. and Soviets began to compete to see who could develop the latest tech wonder to be used in war.

Question 35

What was Sputnik (1957)?

Answer 35

A part of the “space race” between the U.S. and Russia, it was the first satellite launched into space. It orbited the earth every 98 min and the U.S. began to panic that the Russians could possibly use it to spy on them.

Question 36

What was the USS Nautilus (1955)?

Answer 36

The first Nuclear powered submarine and the first sub to reach the North Pole.

Question 37

A race to develop technology to go into space between the U.S. and Soviets

Answer 37

The space race

Question 38

What border did the Soviets instill overnight due their belief that capitalism was destroying the east and to keep people from escaping to the West?

Answer 38

The Berlin Wall (Aug 13th, 1961)

Question 39

13 day long debate and fear over nuclear threat due to weapons given to Cuba by the Soviets.

Answer 39

The Cuban Missile Crisis (October 14-28 1962)

Question 40

What was the 5 year goal of the division of Korea?

Answer 40

Korean Unification

Answer 41

The Soviet invasion of Korea

Question 42

What was National Security Council Memo #68?

Question 43

Who was General Douglas MacArthur?

Answer 44

Holding the 38th Parallel

Question 45

What was the Korean Armistice Agreement?