Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAOR102 > Histories > Flashcards

Histories Flashcards

1
Q

What did Maori originally call Europeans

A

Tangata kē: strangers
Maitai: from sea
Tangata tupua: globin people
Takata pora: ship people
Tangata pākehā/pākehā

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When were Cook’s pacific explorations

A

1770s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When did Europeans cross the horizon into Pēwhairangi (bay of islands) and Te Ara-a-Kiwa (Foveaux strait)

A

1790s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why did whalers first come to NZ (Pewhairangi, 1790s)

A

Repairs, supplies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When did New England whalers come to NZ

A

1800s, far more in 1830s. Maori provide provisions and recruits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When did whaling end (temporarily)

A

1809, utu against Boyd: 1812-14 US-UK war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When did the sealing industry take off in NZ

A

1800s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was the first sealing gang in NZ (NSW at Tamatea (Dusky Sound), unsuccessful)

A

1792

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In 1806 which ship landed 60000 pelts in Sydney

A

Favorite (from Nantucket)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In 1809 what did Isle of Wight off St Clair beach do

A

8 man sealing gang took 2000 skins over 20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In 1810 in one week 100000 pounds worth of skins landed at

A

Port Jackson, Sydney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When was the first shore whaling station

A

1829

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many sealing stations existed in the south and lower north island in 1840

A

~20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did southern sealing stations operate under the authority of

A

Tuhawaiki, Taiaroa, Ngai Tahu rangatira

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did whalers interact with Maori

A

Many marriages, chiefly women married owners and managers, lesser ranking women with employees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happened to Tuki-Tahua in 1793

A

Kidnapped and brought to Norfolk island with Huri-kokoti to teach convicts how to make rope out of harakeke (unsuccessful as this is women’s knowledge). Tuki draws map for Philip King to illustrate his knowledge of homeland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Te Tai Tokerau mean

A

Northland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How did the return of Tuki and Huru to Te Tai Tokerau rangatira help Maori/pakeha relations

A

Gave presents such as potatoes. Interaction suggests “the possibility for sustained strategic relationships with Pakeha”. NSW governor king hosts visiting rangatira, issues proclamations to protect Maori sailors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In 1805 how did Te pahi and his sons from pewhairangi improve Maori/pakeha relations

A

Visit governor king in Port Jackson, exchange gifts. Te Pahi studies gardening and brings home seeds and fruit trees. Provides gifts to visiting ships in pewhairangi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When did Samuel Marsden first begin considering a Christian mission trip to NZ

A

Upon meeting Te pahi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When, how and why was Te Pahi killed

A

1810 killed by a ship lynch mob who thought he killed the crew of Boyd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happened in 1809 to Ruatara (relation of Te Pahi)

A

Dumped in London by ship captain, nursed back to health by Marsden en route to Port Jackson from London. Ruatara lives with Marsden at his Parramatta farm and learns about farming. Ruatara point of contact in NZ for missionaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where did Marsden settle missionaries in 1814

A

By Ruatara’s pā at Rangihoua (northern Pewhairangi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Ruatara use his Pakeha knowledge for

A

Develop new crops and exports to NSW, creates an English style village and provides an English education to children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who promises Marsden to take over Ruatara’s role upon his death in 1815

A

Hongi Hika (Ruatara’s uncle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who takes over Pewhairangi in 1770s-1826

A

Hapu belonging to Ngapuhi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who were the two opposing clusters of hapu in Pewhairangi

A

Hongi’s alliance in the North, vs southern based. Competed for access to Pakeha material wealth and missionaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In 1830 who takes Kororareka (Russell), the main site of Maori-Pakeha interactions

A

Northern alliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How did Pakeha settlement begin in Te Waipounamu

A

Marry pakeha men to maori kinswomen, Otakou whaling station established 1832

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How many villages in Otago harbour 1823

A

2, 5 by 1826

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When did young maori men serve in deep sea whalers

A

1820-40s. Some became first and second mates. Introduced Pakeha methods to whanau, whaleboat dominant form of transport for Ngai Tahu by 1840. Skills learnt establish dominance of coastal trade in 1840s-50s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Who were Maori interpreters in the early days

A

Mostly seafarers. For example Tuai/Tui (Ngare Raumati), Ruatara, Maui (southern Ngapuhi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What were Pakeha-Maori

A

Pakeha who became part of a Maori community. Married into Rangatira’s whanau, learnt reo and tikanga, acted as interpreters, advised rangatira in trading relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Who was James Heberley

A

Worked at Te Awaiti shore whaling station in 1830 and married Te Wai from Te Ati Awa. Women acted as cultural mediators between pakeha husbands and institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Until when did Ngai Tahu mixed children retain Ngai Tahu connections

A

1840s, later generations became part of pakeha communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When and who was Hongi Hika leader of

A

1820, Ngapuhi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Who visited Britain in 1820 to obtain weapons to seek utu against other iwi in Te Ika-A-Maui

A

Hongi, Kendall, Waikato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Who did Hongi’s war parties from Te Tai Tokerau (south) beat and when

A

Ngati Poua and Ngati Maru in 1821, Waikato-Tainui in 1822, Te Arawa in 1823, Ngati Whatua in 1825

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

When did Hongi initiate peace including inter tribal marriages with Waikato

A

1822

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What leadership qualities did Hongi Hika have

A

Ariki (ritual), tohunga in carving, agriculturalist, loving husband

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Who was Hongi Hika’s wife

A

Turikātuku. Military adviser and tohunga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Who was Te Rauparaha rangatira of

A

Ngati Toa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens to Rauparaha in 1821

A

Waikato-Ngati Maniapoto push him and allies from Kawhia out, he migrates south to Kapiti coast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What do tribal migrations of allies settle in 1824-1833

A

Kapiti-Manawatu area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Who is Te Rauparaha’s sister

A

Waitohi. Invites their mother’s people to migrate south from Waikato

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Why did Te Rauparaha attack Ngai Tahu

A

Utu after he was cursed. Captures Kaikoura pa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

In 1830 how does Rauparaha get utu for death of his tuakana, Te Peehi Kupe

A

Hires Stewart of Elizabeth to kidnap and kill upoko ariki Tamaiharanui

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What does Te Rauparaha’s taua do in 1832

A

Takes Kaiapoi and other pa at Akaroa. 25% of Ngai Tahu are killed or captured, many migrate south to Otago and Murihiku regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Who was Te Matenga Taiaroa leader of and when

A

Ngai Tahu, 1830s-40s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What happens in Ngai Tahu’s fight back during the 1830s

A

Under Tuhawaiki they nearly capture Rauparaha, defeat his allies in 1830s including Te Puoho of Ngati Tama. Peace reestablished 1839 after Ngati Toa release Kaiapoi chiefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Who was Te Wherowhero leader of

A

Waikato-Tainui. Educated in whare wananga, warrior and strategist who by 1840s is recognised by Maori and Pakeha leaders as one of Aotearoa’s preeminent ariki

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Who does Te Wherowhero fight in 1831-34

A

Taranaki (allies of Te Rauparaha), many migrate south and settle Wellington and Chatham islands. Protects Ngati Whatua who move to Waikato, escorts back to Auckland and reestablishes peace by 1844

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Who does Te Wherowhero shelter 1827-30

A

Ngati Maru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What leads to the peace settlement by Te Kakapi, a Te Ati Awa women, 1840

A

Ngati Kahungunu under pressure from Taranaki and other migrants, fights back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What are the taurekareka (war captives) numbers

A

Te Rauparaha has some 2000 captives working for him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

When do iwi start to buy muskets

A

1810s-1830s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What were muskets called by maori

A

Te ahi a te tipua (demon’s fire)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What did Maori trade in exchange for muskets

A

Potatoes, dressed flax, pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

How much did Ngai tahu population decrease between 1829 and 1844, and why

A

50%, due to diseases and battle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Who baptises rangatira in Te Puni

A

Octavius Hadfield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

How did Maori embrace Christianity most successfully

A

By incorporating it into their indigenous beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

When did land become an absolute possession, dispossessing local maori from their best lands in places like kerikeri

A

1850s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What lay the foundations for written maori

A

Hongi Hika’s 1820 visit to Marsden in England with Kendall (Waikato rangatira) completing A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand by Cambridge University orientalist Samuel Lee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is whaikorero

A

Maori oratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What is He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni

A

Declaration of independence of the united tribes of new zealand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

When was the declaration signed

A

28 October 1835

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Where was the declaration signed

A

Home of British resident James Busby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Who signed the declaration

A

34 northern chiefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What did the 4 articles of the declaration state

A

Mana and sovereign power in NZ resided fully with Maori, foreigners not allowed to make laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What is Te Whakaminenga

A

Confederation of united tribes. Meant to meet at Waitangi each Autumn to frame laws. Protected British subjects in their territory and sought king William’s protection against threats to their mana. Thanked king for acknowledging their flag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Who was the first Maori king

A

Te Wherowhero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

How many had signed the declaration by July 1839

A

52

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How did Busby view the declaration (how did he benefit)

A

Prevent other countries from making formal deals with Maori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What was the Elizabeth Affair 1830

A

Te Rauparaha asks for assistance of captain and crew of the Elizabeth in return for a cargo of flax. They capture Te Maiharanui of Ngai Tahu, torture and kill him. Reports back to NSW say ship contains baskets of human flesh (cannibalism: British press hears about this, massive pressure for government to intervene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What is the result of the 1830 Elizabeth Affair

A

After Marsden encourages governor Richard Bourke of NSW to recommend action by colonial office, May 1833 James Busby appointed British Resident in bay of islands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What was Busby’s role as british resident

A

Race relations conciliator. Protect well disposed settlers and traders, prevent outrages of Europeans against Maori, apprehend escaped convicts. Given no resources to achieve these ends.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

When was a national flag chosen (united tribes of NZ, enabled trade without ships being seized)

A

20 March 1834, hui of chiefs at Waitangi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

When was the Waitangi tribunal set up

A

1975, under Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975. Based in Wellington, listens to grievances related to Treaty of Waitangi, makes unbinding recommendations to government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

What forced the Labour government to pass legislation setting up the Waitangi tribunal

A

1975 Maori Land march

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What did Baron de Thierry, a French aristocrat do

A

Attempts a sovereign state around the Hokianga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

How many signatures did the declaration have by July 1939

A

52

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Who were the notable signatories of the declaration

A

Te Hapuku of Ngati Kahungunu (Wairapapa), Te Wherowhero of Tainui (Waikato)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What does Britain do following reports of fighting from Busby of fighting 1836/7

A

May 1837 send naval captain Hobson by Governor Bourke of NSW to report on the situation. Recommends establishment of factories and a treaty to guarantee land holdings for the factories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What happens regarding Hobson in 1938 and 39

A

Lord Glenelg appoints Hobson consul to NZ, Lord Normanby approves Hobson as consul then lieutenant governor, declaration of independence affirmed. Governor Gipps of NSW issues instructions to Hobson to seek sovereignty for Britain. January 1840 Hobson sails to NZ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

What does Hobson do upon arrival in NZ

A

Meets Busby, Charles Baker (CMS missionary), William Colenso (printer from Paihia). Discuss instructions from Normanby, drafts invitation to chiefs, gives to Busby who gives to Colenso to translate and print. Invitations also sent to settlers of the area to meet with Hobson the next day. Treaty is drafted, Henry Williams translates a copy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

When did Hobson arrive in NZ

A

29 Jan 1840

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

When did drafting of the treaty begin

A

1 February. Mention made of confederation of united tribes of NZ and separate and independent chiefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Who translated the treaty into Maori

A

Henry Williams and son Edward, James Stuart Freeman (secretary) also assists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Why is Hobson unable to finish treaty

A

2 February suffers paralysis. Busby takes notes ashore, finishes with Freeman, Clendon, Alfred Brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Who were the drafters of the treaty

A

Hobson, Busby, Henry Williams, Edward Williams, Colenso (first printer), Clendon (American resident), Maunsell, Clark (missionaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

What was the fourth article of the treaty

A

Orally given: Maori can practice whatever religion they like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

What did Article 1 say

A

Chiefs gaven Queen kawanatanga/sovereignty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

What did Article 2 say

A

Guarantees chiefs and families full exclusive undisturbed possession of their lands, estates, forests, fisheries and other properties (taonga)

94
Q

What did Article 3 say

A

Queen extends to natives her royal protection and imparts to them all the rights and privileges of British subjects

95
Q

Who convinced many chiefs to be in favour of the treaty

A

Tamati Waka Nene, Patuone and Hone Heke, who were in favour of the treaty: too late to hold back the British, may as well sign the treaty

96
Q

When was the treaty signed

A

6 February 1840. Hone Heke first

97
Q

Which notable chief refused to sign the treaty but had signed the declaration

A

Te Wherowhero Tainui

98
Q

What was the attitude of Tauranga chiefs to the treaty (Missionary Alfred Brown)

A

More than willing to sign in exchange for gifts like blankets and tobacco. Oral agreements far more valued, piece of paper felt irrelevant

99
Q

Which copy did Te Rauparaha sign

A

Reverend Henry Williams’ (the cook strait sheet)

100
Q

Which copy did Te Hapuku sign

A

Major Thomas Bunbury’s

101
Q

Which copy did the Otago chiefs sign (ngai tahu) (Taiaroa, Karetai, Korako)

A

Major Thomas Bunbury’s

102
Q

What were the various copies of the treaty

A

Waitangi, Manukau-Kawhia, Waikato-Manukau (english), Printed, Tauranga, Bay of Plenty (Fedarb), Herald (Bunbury), Cook Strait (Henry Williams), East Coast (Turanga), Littlewood

103
Q

Why did Tuhawaiki sign (southland chief)

A

Conditions on the back that Ruapuke island was not to be subject to the treaty

104
Q

What is the Littlewood copy

A

Possibly the American resident’s copy. Solicitor in bay of islands and Auckland during late 1830s-40s. Now in archives NZ, not housed with other copies

105
Q

What was the purpose of the treaty from the Pakeha perspective

A

Political not legal document, kept other countries (France, US) out of NZ.

106
Q

When did Hobson die

A

September 1842

107
Q

How many chiefs eventually signed the treaty

A
  1. 505 Maori version, 39 English version
108
Q

What was Hobson’s role

A

Drafted treaty and ensured Maori signatories

109
Q

How did the Maori economy transform in the 1840s

A

Food and cropping (potatoes, maize, wheat, flour mills)
Trade, food (vegetables, livestock (pigs, sheep), fish, timber, flax)
Transportation (shipping, ferries, guides)
Labour/workforce (agriculture, roading, flax preparation, shipping/port workers)

110
Q

What was the crown colony period

A

1840-52

111
Q

When was William Hobson governor

A

1840-42

112
Q

When was Robert Fitzroy governor

A

1843-45

113
Q

When was George Grey governor

A

1845-53

114
Q

What conditions did southern Maori sell their land to the crown under

A

Reserves

115
Q

How many purchases were made of Ngai Tahu territory 1844-1864

A

10

116
Q

What was a deed of purchase

A

Each had its own conditions. Each purchase had its own issues. Some had clauses about reserves being created for various iwi. Extinguishment of Maori title in favour of a title derived from the crown

117
Q

When did the Non Maori population overtake the Maori population

A

1857-8: ~59000 overtakes 56000

118
Q

What were Wellington, New Plymouth and Nelson established by

A

New Zealand Company (British based immigrant company)

119
Q

What clause did governor Robert Fitzroy waiver in the treaty

A

Preemption clause enabling Crown to exclusively buy land (not settlers). Then on sell to make money and control registration systems

120
Q

What was the Northern War governor Fitzroy was a part of

A

Hone Heke and Kawiti

121
Q

Which governor had to deal with the Wairau affair

A

Robert Fitzroy

122
Q

What was the Wairau affair

A

1843 Nelson settlers wanted to survey land that they claimed was theirs. Settlers were too impatient to wait for the Lands Claims commission so they went ahead and surveyed. Te Rauparaha and nephew Te Rangihaeata took issue with the settlers and sacked them from their land. Governor Fitzroy condemned the settlers

123
Q

When were the Hone Heke and Kawiti Northern wars

A

1845-6

124
Q

When was the capital shifted from Russell

A

1841

125
Q

When did Hone Heke (Ngati Rahiri) die

A

1807-1850

126
Q

What were the wars in Northland due to a concern of

A

Realisation that sovereignty had come over the land. Decline in demands for Maori goods and services, Treaty had not brought benefits

127
Q

Who replaced Fitzroy in 1845

A

George Grey

128
Q

Why was George Grey brought to NZ

A

Deal with continued hostilities between Maori and European settlers, given resources from Britain

129
Q

Who established the constitution for representative government

A

George Grey

130
Q

When was the New Zealand Constitution Act passed

A

1852 (Grey)

131
Q

What were the disputed purchases Grey had to deal with

A

Blenheim, Taranaki, Wellington

132
Q

Which pa did Grey occupy with troops

A

kawiti in Northland

133
Q

Who did Grey seize and imprison without trial

A

Te Rauparaha

134
Q

What did the 1852 constitution act set up

A

2 provincial governments and a central government (Maori responsibility shifted from governor to central settler government). General assembly (colonial legislature), governor, upper chamber (legislative council: appointed members, abolished 1950), lower chamber (house of representatives: elected members)

135
Q

What part of the 1852 constitution act was never set up

A

Power of the governors to create native districts (self rule areas)

136
Q

How many provincial councils did the NZ Constitution act set up

A

6

137
Q

Who headed provincial councils

A

Superintendents

138
Q

When were provincial councils abolished

A

1876

139
Q

How did provincial governments supplement revenue

A

Maori land sales

140
Q

Many provincial councillors (including superintendents) were also

A

MPs

141
Q

How many Maori voted in Auckland in the elections for the house 1853

A

100

142
Q

How many Maori voted in the 1858 Wellington provincial council elections

A

Over 100 registered but only 12 were allowed after evidence heard on the value of their homes

143
Q

When was Thomas Gore-Browne governor

A

1853-9

144
Q

What did governor Thomas Gore-Browne have to deal with

A

General assembly, provincial government, pressure from settlers for more land, emergence of maori king movement, problems in taranaki land

145
Q

How was the provincial government funded

A

Maori land sales, given to provinces

146
Q

Who was Donald McLean

A

Native affairs minister 1869-76
MP Napier 1866-77
In 1850s was a land purchase agent
Actioned Waitara purchase

147
Q

When was Te Wherowhero king (first king)

A

1858-60

148
Q

When was Tawhiao king (second king)

A

1860-94

149
Q

What was the Taranaki trouble (McLean attempting to buy a piece of land at Waitara)

A

Negotiated with Te Teira Manuka who wanted to sell to the crown, instead of Wiremu Kingi. Both were owners within land block- who had the powers to sell? Fighting broke out, stale mate was the result

150
Q

What was the result of the Taranaki trouble regarding governor Gore Browne

A

Criticised by settler government for stalemate and giving up rights, recalled back to England

151
Q

When was George Grey recalled back to NZ

A

1860-68. Reoccupied with troops the disputed Taranaki, battles with Maori: NZ wars of the 1960s

152
Q

When was the Waikato invaded by Grey

A

1863: NZ wars of the 1960s

153
Q

When was the NZ Settlements Act

A

1863

154
Q

What did the NZ Settlements Act enable

A

Huge tracts of land confiscated because Maori deemed “in rebellion”

155
Q

When was the kingitanga (Maori king movement)

A

1863-85

156
Q

What did the kingitanga (Maori king movement) entail

A

Retreat into the king country

157
Q

How can the NZ land wars be summarised

A

Crown tries to go through land from Auckland to reach Waitara. Maori resist with fighting, land confiscated. Retreat to what is now called king country

158
Q

Who was Te Kooti

A

Fought on the government side, accused of spying for Maori. Transported without trial to Chatham Islands (1865), leader of prisoners. Escaped with supporters back to NZ, guerilla warfare with government 1869-72, 1872-82 exiled with Maori king in king country, pardoned in 1882

159
Q

What happened with the Taranaki confiscated land 1866

A

Maori continue to live on confiscated land e.g Parihaka.

160
Q

Who were the leaders at Parihaka

A

Te Whiti-O-Rongomai and Tohu Kakahi, both of Taranaki and Te Ati Awa iwi

161
Q

Who launched raids on settlers to dissuade settlement on lands (1866)

A

Titokowaru of Ngati Ruanui

162
Q

What was the main purpose of the 1863 NZ Settlement Act

A

Gave governor powers to confiscate land

163
Q

When were the various Native Land Acts

A

1862, 1865, 1867

164
Q

What was the purpose of the Native Land Court

A

Individualise title and make European transfer easier. Maori didn’t want to individualise their land, driven into a state of poverty

165
Q

What did Donald McLean advocate for in favour of Maori

A

Maori MPs

166
Q

What were the reasons for the creation of Maori MPs

A

Large Maori taxation base needs representation, channel Maori concerns and efforts into parliament but only into 4 seats, balance electoral map

167
Q

What was the Maori Representation Act 1867

A

Created 4 Maori seats out of a total 7 seats

168
Q

What were the 4 Maori seats created

A

Northern, Western, Eastern, Southern

169
Q

Who was able to occupy a Maori seat

A

Males over 21 years, no property qualifications

170
Q

How many seats in parliament in the 1866 election

A

70

171
Q

How many seats in parliament in the 1871 election

A

78

172
Q

Who was the first northern Maori MP

A

Frederick Nene Russell

173
Q

Who was the first western Maori MP

A

Mete Kingi Paetahi

174
Q

Who was the first eastern Maori MP

A

Tareha Te Moananui

175
Q

Who was the first southern Maori MP

A

John Paterson

176
Q

What was the Mete Kingi Paetahi Election Act 1868

A

Needed to validate election, Donald McLean sponsors act

177
Q

Who were elected into the Maori seats in the 1871 election

A

North: Wi Katene
West: Wi Parata (defeats Mete Kingi)
East: Karaitiana Takamoana
South: Hori Kerei Taiaroa

178
Q

Who was Hori Kerei Taiaroa

A

Very long serving MP, 1871-79, 1881-85 MP southern Maori. 1879-1881, 1885-1905 appointed into legislative council. Petitions government for reserves

179
Q

Who was Karaitiana Takamoana

A

1871-1879 MP Eastern Maori. Petitions government for reserves, critical of Native land court. Gets frustrated with inaction of government, gives up on asking for reserves, becomes sympathetic with repudiation movement

180
Q

What was the repudiation movement

A

1870s Maori begin to dispute the crown purchases of land in the Wairarapa

181
Q

Which iwi led the repudiation movement

A

Ngati Kahungunu

182
Q

What was the kotahitanga movement

A

What the repudiation movement became, calling for a separate Maori parliament

183
Q

What was the Maori Prisoners’ Trial Act 1879

A

Enabled Maori arrested over Taranaki disputes to be imprisoned indefinitely even though there were no charges

184
Q

When did the Grey government fall

A

October 1879

185
Q

When was the Hall government

A

1879-82

186
Q

When was John Hall MP selwyn (canterbury)

A

October 1879 - April 1882

187
Q

When was John Bryce MP Wanganui and Waitotara

A

October 1879 - Jan 1881

188
Q

What was the West Coast commission 1880

A

Enquiry in regard to promises over land reserves and compensation. Reserves were created, pondered reserves around Parihaka. William Fox former MP Rangitikei and premier (chair). Francis Dillion Bell former MP Mataura. Hone Mohi Tawhai MP Northern Maori

189
Q

What did John Bryce do as Native Minister

A

Sent troops to Parihaka, doesn’t care about West Coast commission. June 1880, troops destroy fences around crops and loots around Parihaka. 59 men sentenced in New Plymouth to hard labour at Lyttleton

190
Q

When was John Bryce native minister

A

Oct 1881-1884. Prepares invasion of Parihaka

191
Q

When was the Parihaka invasion

A

5 November 1881. 1600 troops invade when governor Gordon leaves to Fiji. Women raped, men transported to south island. Other Taranaki settlements raided, Te Whiti, Tohu and Titokowaru imprisoned

192
Q

What was Bryce’s involvement with the King country as native minister

A

Demands King country be opened up for development, building of roads and railways through Tainui and Ngati Maniapoto lands. Subjecting king country lands to investigation by Native Land Court. Government divides Tainui and Ngati Maniapoto and achieves their goals, further land loss is a result

193
Q

What was the Smith-Nairn Royal Commission of Inquiry 1879

A

Work out whether reserves were promised. Investigated grievances associated with a number of the Crown’s purchases of land from Ngai Tahu. Funding halted by Bryce before final report could be produced

194
Q

When did political parties come into existence

A

1890s onward

195
Q

When was the liberal party in power

A

1891-1912
(John Balance: 1891-93, Richard John Seddon: 1893-1906, William Hall Jones: 1906, Joseph Ward: 1906-1912)

196
Q

When was the reform party in power

A

1912-28 (William Massey: 1912-25)

197
Q

When was the Maori Land Claims Commission

A
  1. Set up to investigate long standing issues about Native Land. Other than changing laws about Maori land, nothing in substance is done
198
Q

Who were the Maori MPs critical of continuing land loss

A

Northern Maori MP Hone Heke Ngapua, Eastern Maori MP Wi Pere

199
Q

What were the social aspects of Maori in the twentieth century

A

Maori population at an all time low, general consensus that Maori were a dying race, Maori located in mainly rural areas, land holdings severely depleted. “Maori dying out so we’ll get the land anyway”

200
Q

What were James Carroll’s main efforts

A

Slow loss of Maori land, but to no avail

201
Q

What party was MP James Carroll part of

A

Liberal (Eastern Maori MP, Waiapu MP, Gisborne MP, minister in liberal government, executive council)

202
Q

When was Apirana Ngata MP of the Liberal party (eastern Maori MP)

A

1905-1943

203
Q

What did Apirana Ngata try to do

A

Supported James Carroll’s attempts to slow the loss of Maori land

204
Q

What was Hori Kerei Taiaroa still doing in the 20th century

A

Pressing for reserves in the south island

205
Q

What was the south island landless natives act 1906 (SILNA)

A

Allocated to every man, woman and child in the south island (40/20 acres). However these were in remote areas that could not be used

206
Q

When did the Liberal government begin a systematic accumulation of Tuhoe lands (BOP)

A

1890s-1920s

207
Q

When did the Reform Party get into power

A

1912-1919

208
Q

Who was prime minister 1912-1925

A

William Massey

209
Q

Why did land sales increase 1912-1925

A

Ngata and Carroll no longer in government

210
Q

Who were the Maori MPs in 1912

A

North: Te Rangihiroa (lib)
West: Maui Pomare (reform)
East: Apirana Ngata (lib)
South: Taare Parata (lib)

211
Q

What were Maui Pomare’s views

A

Assimilationist, didn’t believe Maori culture should be preserved. Medical doctor, promoted Maori health

212
Q

How did Northern Auckland iwi feel about WW1

A

Generally supportive

213
Q

How did Maori in confiscation areas feel about WW1

A

Anti. Many refuse to join

214
Q

What did Te Puea Herangi (granddaughter of Tawhiao) do

A

Particularly critical of WW1, targeted by Crown for trying to prevent conscription of Maori Waikato men

215
Q

What happened with land at the conclusion of WW1

A

Farm schemes for returned soldiers, Maori excluded (Maui Pomare supports this). Ngata tries to persuade support for Maori

216
Q

Who was Tahupotiki Wiremu Ratana

A

Faith healer in Wanganui district, emerged in 1918. One aim was to have te tiriti enshrined into law

217
Q

How did Maori MPs mostly view Ratana

A

A charlatan, Ngata (MP for Eastern Maori) most critical

218
Q

How was Ratana opposed by Maori

A

Ngata and other MPs begin to address land confiscations, form an alliance with Te Puea to oppose Ratana

219
Q

How did Ratana petition to enshrine the treaty into war

A

26000 person petition to present to King George V, was refused an audience. Then decides to campaign and capture 4 Maori seats of parliament

220
Q

What happened in the 1935 general election

A

Labour party wins for the first time due to the Great Depression. Michael Joseph Savage prime minister

221
Q

What was the Labour/Ratana coalition

A

Ratana and Savage agree to address Maori problems, land loss, and implement te tiriti into supreme law

222
Q

What happens with WW2 regarding Maori

A

Labour and Maori MPs begin a massive war effort, all regions support the effort. Creation of Maori battalion. Price of citizenship: surely Maori will get better deals from the Crown now?

223
Q

What happened post WW2

A

Urbanisation, economic boom: pressure on Maori to migrate to urban areas

224
Q

What were the push factors for urban migration

A

Strain on limited rural economic resources, employment, geographical isolation, escape confines of culture

225
Q

What were the pull factors for urban migration

A

Economic security, higher education/training, adventure, independence

226
Q

What was the Hunn Report

A

Commissioned in 1960 to review the department of Maori affairs, written by Jack Hunn. Far reaching recommendations, encouraged urbanisation, numerous assaults on Maori culture, assimilation or integration? Encouraged individually owned land

227
Q

What difficulties did Maori face upon urban migration

A

Employment: unskilled, 1980s redundancies
Housing: hostels, inner city living, pepper potting, ethnic enclaves
Racism: springbok tour, Maori march
Maori women’s welfare league

228
Q

What was the Maori women’s welfare league

A

Maori war effort organisation advised in 1943 the appointment of 6 welfare and liaison officers to assist with Maori issues and adapting to urban life. Advocated for Maori in the cities, housing, health, education, employment, social work, maori cultural and language development

229
Q

When was the Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act

A

1945

230
Q

How did Maori adjust to urban migration

A

Religious groups, cultural clubs, tribal groups, maori organisations, urban, pan tribal marae, pan tribal maori authorities, distance from turangawaewae

231
Q

What is Te Hūnuku

A

Maori urban migration

MAOR102 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions