Futures Flashcards
What was the 1975 Maori Land March
Te Ropu o te Matakite: organising committee of the land march on parliament. Started at Te Hapua (Northland) and ended at Wellington
Who was Whina Cooper
Influential Maori leader, prominent in 1975 Maori Land March
What was the result of the 1975 Maori Land March
Forced labour government to pass legislation that set up the Waitangi tribunal
What happened at Bastion Point
Ngati Whatua and other protestors take a stand in respect to Ngati Whatua’s last piece of land at Orakei in Auckland. 1977, protestors occupy Bastion point after announcement of housing development on land once belonging to Ngati Whatua. After 506 days police and army arrived en masse to remove them
What is the Treaty of Waitangi Act 1975
Bastion point given back to Ngati Whatua, Maori must claim that they have been prejudicially affected by the crown, crown’s actions or omissions were inconsistent with the principles of te tiriti. Section 6
What was the 1985 Treaty of Waitangi Amendment act
Allowed the tribunal to consider claims prior to 1975
What does the Waitangi tribunal hear first
Bastion Point case: Orakei Report 1987. In breach of principles of the treaty, duty of active protection
What was the 1995 settlement with Waikato-Tainui
$150 million
What apology did Queen Elizabeth II issue in 1995
Apology to Tainui, signs Tainui Raupatu Bill
What is the Maori worldview
Creation narratives help us make sense of the world around us and our place in the world. The concept of hauora is connected closely to our whakapapa, highlighting a connection between nga atua, tangata and the natural environment
What is hauora
Holistic view of health. Hau: breath, Ora: wellbeing
What is Te Whare tapa wha comprised of
Taha tinana, hinengaro, whanau, wairua
What is Te Pae Mahutonga
Southern cross star constellation model of health. Te mana whakahaere, nga manukura, toiora, te oranga, waiora, mauriora
Why is hauora maori important?
Improving Maori health outcomes, addressing health inequities, upholding maori rights under te tiriti
What are the social determinants of health
The conditions in which we are born, grow, work and live which impact our health and wellbeing
How did Maori identify before European arrival
From specific iwi, hapu, whanau groups
What was the impact of colonisation on Maori identity
Loss of land, culture, disconnect from turangawaewae
What was the imagined identity of Maori by others
Uncivilised, heathens, noble savage, child like
What does today’s imagined identity of Maori involve
Must be turangawaewae (live on homeland), specific lifestyle, look maori, speak maori, do haka etc, privileged
What is the theory of Maori identity
Need to reclaim the right to define for ourselves who we are, what our rights are. Challenge definitions that are not our own
What is the Maori technology course definition
Tools, devices, machines that have been developed by the application of Maori knowledge
What some examples of early Maori technology
Kete (basket), waka modifications: double shouldered adze, triangular sail vs square rig, modern applications. Technology in narratives: Maui and his grandmother’s jawbone. Astronomy and navigation techniques
What were the original Maori weapons
He mere patu pounamu, he wahaika, spears. Introduction of muskets revolutionised warfare. Diminishment of oral negotiation and altered power dynamics
What do archived Maori letters provide insight into
Inform Waitangi tribunal on past histories, whakapapa of individuals, portal to another time
What is an example of a maori newspaper
Te karere o niu tireni
What was Radio New Zealand obliged to do as a treaty partner (waitangi tribunal report 11)
Set aside 21 radio stations for use of iwi based promotion of the language. Broadcasting was seen as a method for revitalisation of te reo
What is Te Karere
News and current events television. Enables a Maori worldview modern news source. Programme dedicated to Maori centric worldview. Regular news segment 1983, gave maori an opportunity to get a modern approach to implementing te ao maori into news. Development of whakaata maori in 2004
What is digital equity
Everyone can access and use digital technologies so as to participate fully in society, democracy, economy
What is diaspora
Dispersal of indigenous populations beyond their home territories
Who are hau kainga
Those who remain at their home territory
Who are taura here
Those who are separated or move away from their home territory
How can present technology help us patch together whakapapa disconnect
Ancestry DNA, carbon dating, historical letters
Why did Te Reo use decline so rapidly (95% Maori population fluent in 1900, 25% by 1960)
School environment
How did Te Reo become a written language
Kendall develops A Korao no New Zealand in 1815. Bible translated into Te Reo. 1820 Samuel Lee and Kendall develop a further rudimentary orthography of the Maori language, known as The Grammar.
When was the first Mission school set up
1816 by Thomas Kendall. At Rangihoua in the bay of islands. All lessons in Te Reo, bible used as main syllabus, displace Maori traditions
What is education ordinance
Introduced under George Grey, essentially an assimilation policy. Schools only paid if they taught the curriculum in english. Curriculum focussed on religious instruction and providing industrial training to Maori students
When was education ordinance
1847
When was the native schools act
1867
What was the native schools act
Replace mission schools with Maori village schools to disestablish tikanga Maori (advance assimilation). Use of Maori language discouraged. Native schools come under state control through the department of native affairs. Maori communities had to provide the land, half the building costs and a quarter of the teacher’s salary
When was the native schools code
1880
What was the native schools code
Standardisation of operation of native schools. Preferably run by a husband and wife team to exemplify a good European way of life. Husband headmaster, wife more feminine arts (textiles, cooking, etc). Allowed junior classes to speak Maori, expecting them to default to English later in life. Only prepared Maori to work low paying jobs
How long were native schools in place for
1867-1969
What happened with native schools in 1929
Adopted same syllabus as public schools but focus still on manual and practical education. Include english language instruction, arithmetic, geography, parts of European culture to make Maori good citizens. Punished for speaking Maori
When did activism for the preservation of Maori language and culture begin
1970s
When did Nga Tamatoa and the Te Reo Maori society present a 30000 signature petition to parliament calling for the inclusion of Maori language and culture courses in schools
1972
When was the first maori language week
1975
When did the Waitangi tribunal publish recommendations on the Maori language claim
1986
Whose research resulted in strong support of the 1972 petition
Richard Benton
What were the waitangi tribunal’s recommendations on the maori language claim
Set up a commission tasked with preserving te reo maori, pass legislation making te reo an official language
When was te reo made an official language
1987, through maori language act
When was Te Taura Whiri i Te Reo Maori established
1987
What did the 2016 Maori Language Act primarily do
Set up te Matawai to act on behalf of iwi and maori to provide leadership in the health and wellbeing of the Maori language for iwi and Maori, support, inform and influence the crown’s initiatives in protecting, promoting and revitalising the Maori language, and monitor relationship of crown with iwi and maori in relation to te reo. Also involved in maori television service
When was the first Maori Language Act
1987, made te reo an official language
What else did the 2016 Maori language act do
Maihi Maori strategy and contribute to Maihi Karauna strategy. Authority over Maori entities like Maori language commission (te taura whiri i Te Reo Maori) and Maori TV back to iwi. New strategies to revitalise te Reo
What is ZePa
Model for Maori language revitalisation
Who developed ZePa
Professor Rawinia Higgins and Emeritus Professor Poia Rewi
What are the three critical positions of receptivity to the Maori language
Zero, Passive, Active
What are the three modalities of the ZePA model
Left shift, stasis, right shift
What does zero (kore) receptivity to the Maori language mean
Opposed to Maori language use, zero receptivity
What does passive (Po) receptivity to the Maori language mean
Accommodates the Maori language and does not restrict its use
What does active (awatea) receptivity to the Maori language mean
Actively strives to advance the Maori language in all areas
What does a left shift in the ZePA model mean
Behavioural regression
What does a static ZePA model mean
No shift in attitude toward the Maori language
What does a right shift in the ZePA model mean
Behavioural progression
When did Te Ataarangi Maori language classes begin
1979
When did the first kohanga reo open at waiwhetu marae in Lower Hutt
1981
When did the first kura kaupapa Maori open in Auckland
1985
When were kura kaupapa Maori first recognised as official schools within the NZ education system (and wananga recognised as official tertiary education institutes)
1989
What are Te Kōhanga Reo
Maori language preschools for young children. Total immersion, management and decision making by whanau, committed to health and wellbeing of mokopuna and whānau
What are kura kaupapa maori and wharekura
Maori full immersion schools, years 0-13. Underpinned by Te Aho Matua
What are kura-a-iwi
Students receive an education that cannot be found at any other state school. Categorised as a type of designated character school. Iwi or location specific
When was Te Reo Maori education set up
1997
What was the Waitangi tribunal claim in 1998 regarding te reo maori education
Crown failed to provide resources to the wananga on an equitable basis with other tertiary education institutions
What is development controlled by
Power and knowledge
What is values based economics
Greater inclusion of social, environmental and cultural concerns. Re introduces values into the economy
How does Maori not fit into capitalism, global imperialism and colonialism
Prioritise profit, individualism, economic imperative. An indigenous economy is hidden from a capitalist framework, driven by communities and whanau, hidden economy allows for effective engagement with capitalism
What is the quadruple bottom line regarding the health of an economy
Economic, social, environmental, cultural
What is the economic imperative
Profit over social/cultural/environmental good
What is indigenous knowledge
Holistic, comes from observing and interacting with the environment. Often orally transmitted, traditions based
What is matauranga maori
Maori knowledge and philosophies, reflective of a maori worldview, connects people with the environment
What is matauranga-a-iwi
Region specific knowledge, recognises differences in how iwi have interacted with their environment
What is rangatiratanga
Self determination, governance
