historical sig Flashcards
confucianism
Confucianism continues to shape the cultures and lives of those in East Asia (right relationships and happiness)
Monsoon Asia
provided enough rainfall for many kinds of agriculture, including rice, which determines where people could live
Oda Nobunaga
He is the first of the 3 unifiers of Japan (ruthless)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
uses his diplomacy to expand into the west, and is credited with reunifying Japan
Tokugawa Ieyasu
he creates a hereditary shogunate which leads to 250 years of the peaceful Tokugawa Shogunate, but it is a result of secret police, rigid social classes, and military enforcement.
Sankin Kotai/hostage system
prevented the Daimyo from rebelling because their families were being held hostage in Edo
(also creates a national economy and merchant class, because the Daimyo had to stop to rest/food)
the floating world (Yoshiwara)
growing significance of merchants, who were permitted licenses to sell at Yoshiwara.
Dejima Island
This artificial trade island was Japan’s only contact with the outside world (dutch and chinese) at the time and played a role in the modernization of Japan.
zheng he
because his powerful fleets had no competition, he was able to go on expeditions to report on what else what going on in the world.
hongwu
He founded the Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 300 years. furthermore, the imperial state that he set up lasted until the 20th century (including: centralized gov and grand secretariat)
qianlong
he was the last of the Three Emperors and marked a high point of the Qing Dynasty and of Imperial China, and it all declined from him
canton system
allowed the Qing to control trade tightly and maintain a monopoly over trade. Furthermore, it created a lot of trouble for merchants (bankruptcy, tension w/ foreigners)
opium wars
Casts a shadow that becomes known as the Century of Humiliation, and leads to the unequal treaty of Nanjing when china loses to Britain
treaty of Nanjing
First of the unequal treaties between China and western powers. also, it influences Japan to “open up” so that the same thing does not happen to them
Chinese exclusion act
it was America’s first law to ban immigration base on race
but, the chinese found loopholes (paper sons/daughters and the food industry
extraterritoriality
symbol of western imperialism
-was used in the Opium wars and the Harris treaty
most favored nation status
makes China/Japan into a Quasi Colonial state (not a colony, but it is influenced by another nation)
Lin Zexu
played a crucial role in the First Opium war and was able to dispose of 20,000 chests of opium
Taiping rebellion
bloodiest civil war in human history, and the political instability caused many Chinese to immigrate to the US and other countries
Shintoism
state shinto governments claimed that the emperor is divine and above politics
right relationships
these fundamental relationships determined how people were treated, and also marks the confucian golden age in Japan
empress dowager Cixi
one of the most powerful women in Chinese history, and her negotiations/support of the Boxer Rebellion led to a civil war across northern china
commodore Matthew Perry
played a leading role in forcing Japan to open up (treaty of Kanagawa)
sakamoto ryoma
he played a vital role in the overthrowing of the shogunate and the restoration of the Meiji emperor
gunboat diplomacy
the west used gunboat diplomacy in both China (to end the opium war) and in Japan (to get Japan to open up)
Li Naosuke
he signed the Harris Treaty with the US, which allowed Japan to modernize quickly
the Harris treaty
it was signed by Japan because they were afraid of what happened in China. this treaty was unequal (had to give US extraterritoriality and most favored status) so ti started an anti-bafuku movement (weak and unable to resist further demands)
the Meiji restoration
ended the era of the shogunate, and restored imperial rule to the emperor
Satsuma/Tosa/Choshu (Satcho)
by late 1800s, the Tokugawa surrendered and the Meiji emperor was restored and had full political power
fukazawa Ukichi
he went on the Iwakura Mission and wrote many famous works based on what he saw
iwakura mission
this tour shows Japan’s determination to successfully turn Japan from a Fuedalistic to a nationalistic nation
saigo takamori
(wanted to take Korea)
he left the government and leads a rebellion against the Meiji government
meiji constitution
this consitution was modeled on western nations, but it held it’s own unique views that held the emperor as sovereign, creates imperial ideology, and creates an illusion of political participation
imperial rescript on education
the Meiji government said the the goal of education was to serve the state and create loyal subjects
yagamata Aritomo
defeats a revolting group of samurai (including Saigo)
