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Britain 1625-1701 > Historical Interpretations: How Revolutionary, In The Years To 1701, Was The Glorious Revolution Of 1688-89 > Flashcards

Historical Interpretations: How Revolutionary, In The Years To 1701, Was The Glorious Revolution Of 1688-89 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did King James II flee the country

A

Overwhelming opposition to his rule

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2
Q

When did King James II flee the country

A

December 1688

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3
Q

Where did King James II take refuge

A

King James II took refuge with King Louie XIV of France

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4
Q

How many politicians invited William of Orange to the British crown

A

60 lords and 300 MPs asked William of Orange to take the British crown

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5
Q

When did the Convention Parliament meet to decide how to deal with James’ flight

A

On 22 January 1689 the Convention Parliament met to decide how to deal with James’ II flight

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6
Q

What had Whig political theorists developed

A

Whig political theorists had developed revolutionary ideas on the nature of kingship

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7
Q

What did Whigs claim existed between a king and his subjects

A

Whigs claimed that a contract existed between the king and his people which both sides had to uphold

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8
Q

What did Whigs claim James had done to the contract

A

Whigs asserted that James had broken the contract and had exceeded his powers by attempting to establish Catholicism in England

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9
Q

What did the Whigs believe that James actions ment

A

Whigs believed that James actions meant that he had lost the right to be king, and therefore the throne was vacant

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10
Q

What did Tories believe in

A

Tories believed in the hereditary succession, and in the divine right of kings to rule over their subjects

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11
Q

What had Tories sworn to James

A

Tories had sworn an oath of allegiance to James

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12
Q

What did Tories need in some order to replace James with William of Orange

A

Tories needed some justification for the replacement of James II by William of Orange

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13
Q

What did the Convention Parliament formulate

A

The Convention Parliament formulated a resolution on the monarchy whose wording satisfied both Whigs and Tories

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14
Q

What did the Convention Parliament resolution state

A

James had broken the contract between king and people (Whig)
He had violated the countries fundamental laws (Whig)
His flight meant that he had abdicated the Throne (Tory)

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15
Q

What would the Tories in the Lords objecting the Convention Parliament resolution lead to

A

Tories in the Lords, however, objected to this statement and this led to anti-tory crowds demonstrating outside Parliament

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16
Q

When did William, in a secret meeting, warn his peers he would go back to Holland unless he was made king

A

On 3 February 1689 William, in a secret meeting, with peers warned them that he would go back to Holland unless he was made king

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17
Q

What agreement did William and the political elite agree on

A

William and the political elite agreed that:

  • His wife, would share the title of monarch with William, although without power
  • If Mary died and William married again, any children from the second marriage would follow Anne in the line of succession
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18
Q

When was the agreement between William and the political elite accepted by the lords

A

On 6th February this was formally accepted by the lords

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19
Q

When was the agreement between William and the political elite confirmed by the commons

A

On 8th February the commons confirmed the agreement between William and the political elite

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20
Q

How was the throne offered to William and Mary

A

The throne was offered to William and Mary unconditionally

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21
Q

When was the Declaration of Rights

A

The Declaration of Rights 1689

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22
Q

What did the declaration of right do

A

The Declaration of right listed all the errors which James had committed, and asserted several traditional liberals of the people

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23
Q

What traditional liberties of the people did the declaration of right pass

A
  • Laws could not be suspended without parliaments consent
  • Parliament had to approve all forms of taxation
  • Parliaments should meet frequently
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24
Q

What was the Declaration

A

The Declaration was a compromise document

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25
Q

What was the Declaration of Rights left deliberately ambiguous in terms of

A

The Declaration of Rights was left deliberately ambiguous in terms of the constitutional implications of James’ removal

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26
Q

When was a diluted version of the Declaration of Right passed into law

A

A diluted version of the Declaration of Rights passed into the law later in 1689

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27
Q

When was there a formal decoration at which the Declaration of Rights was read

A

On 13 February 1689, at a formal ceremony at which the Declaration of the Right was read

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28
Q

When was the crown offered to William and Mary

A

On 13 February William and Mary were offered the crown

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29
Q

When was Williams and Marys coronation

A

On 11th April William and Mary had their coronation

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30
Q

What did William and Mary have different about their coronation

A

At William and Marys coronation there was a different coronation oath

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31
Q

What did William and Mary having a different oath indicate

A

The different oath indicated their different position with Parliament

32
Q

What was the oath before William and Marys coronation

A

Confirm to the people of England the laws and customs to them granted by the Kings of England

33
Q

What was the oath for William and Marys coronation

A

To govern the people of this kingdom of England, and the dominions thereunto belonging, according to the status in Parliament agreed on, and the laws and customs of the same.

34
Q

What did Whig historians believe the glorious revolution bought about

A

For Whig historians, the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89 brought about fundamental change.

35
Q

What did the Glorious Revolution lead to the establishment of

A

The Revolution lead to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy

36
Q

What is a constitutional monarchy

A

One where parliament had much more control over the policies of the monarchy

37
Q

What did Critics of the Whig interpretation see the Glorious Revolution as

A

Rather than a revolution critics of Whig historians viewed it as more of a reformation

38
Q

What did critics of Whigs believe the key aim of the political elite was once James was removed

A

Once James was removed, the key aim for the political elite was to bring stability

39
Q

How did the political elite bring stability

A

They bought stability by changing the monarchy

40
Q

What do others see the Glorious revolution as

A

Others see the Glorious Revolution as confirming the power of the political elite through parliament

41
Q

What did the Glorious Revolution and the constitutional changes make clear

A

The Glorious Revolution and the constitutional changes that followed made clear the influence of the political elite in parliament

42
Q

What caused an increase in power for parliament and a decrease in power for the monarchy

A

Williams need to finance his wars against Louis XIV, and the consequential financial revolution after 1688

43
Q

What religion was William III

A

William III was a Calvinist

44
Q

When did William III ask the Commons to abandon religious tests

A

On 16th March 1689 the king asked the Commons to abandon the religious tests

45
Q

What did the religious tests do

A

The religious tests kept dissenters out of public office

46
Q

Why did Parliament pass the Toleration Act

A

Keen to maintain the political supremacy of the Church of England, Parliament passed the Toleration Act

47
Q

What was the main religion in Parliament in 1689

A

Anglican was the main religion in Parliament in 1689

48
Q

When did Parliament pass the Toleration Act

A

May 1689

49
Q

What did the Toleration Act mean most dissenters could do

A

Most dissenters:

  • Were exempted from penal laws if they took an oath of allegiance and declared against transubstantiation
  • Could worship freely in licenced meeting houses which had to keep their doors open
  • Could set up their own schools and educate their children
50
Q

What groups were exempt from the Toleration Act

A

Religious toleration was not extended to Catholics, Jews or Unitarians

51
Q

What was the central division within Anglicanism

A

The central division within Anglicanism was whether the Church should be broadened to encompass some dissenters or maintained as it was

52
Q

Who did William appoint as bishops

A

William appointed Latitudinarians as bishops

53
Q

When did John Tillotson become archbishop of canterbury

A

John Tillotson became archbishop of Canterbury in 1691

54
Q

What did Tories feel churchmen weren’t doing enough to stop

A

Tories felt churchmen weren’t doing enough to prevent what they feared of rapid growth of dissent

55
Q

What dissenters were Tories worried about after the Toleration Act

A

Tories were particularly worried by further growth of Quakerism after the Toleration Act of 1689

56
Q

What did the period of 1689-1701 see a broadening of

A

The period saw a broadening of the acceptance of a range of Protestants within the church of England

57
Q

How did acceptance of dissenters come around

A

Acceptance came, slowly, not from legislation but more from the other ways of thinking

58
Q

What marked a shift away from the dominance of religious ideas

A

Increased focus on science and reason marked a shift away from the dominance of religious ideas

59
Q

After 1689 what replaced religious uniformity

A

After 1689 religious diversity replaced religious uniformity

60
Q

By 1701 what had happened to the number of Protestant demonminations

A

By 1701 the number and size of Protestant denominations had grown considerably

61
Q

Where did Catholicism remain strong in England

A

Catholicism remained strong in the North

62
Q

What grew rapidly in East Anglia

A

Dissenting congregations grew rapidly in East Anglia

63
Q

When had Anglican supremacy come to an end in England

A

By 1701 Anglican supremacy had come to an end

64
Q

What did the position of Catholics remain a source of from 1689 onwards

A

The position of Catholics remained a source of tension from 1689 onwards

65
Q

What were Catholics often subject to

A

Catholics were often subject to religious prejudice

66
Q

What remained a theme in English politics through to 1701 and the Act of settlement

A

Anti-Catholicism and the equation of Catholicism with the threat of Louis XIV remained a theme in English politics through to 1701 and the Act of Settlement

67
Q

What did the Bill of rights exclude Catholics from

A

The Bill of Rights excluded Catholics from the throne

68
Q

How did the Bill of Rights exclude Catholics from the Throne

A

By excluding James II and his children from the line of succession

69
Q

What did the Bill of Rights not say anything about

A

The Bill of Rights didn’t say anything about succession after Anne

70
Q

Who was Anne after in the line of succssion

A

Anne was after William and Mary

71
Q

When did Mary die

A

Mary died in 1694

72
Q

What did Mary die without

A

Mary died without any children

73
Q

Why was it increasingly likely that one of James II children could take the throne

A

With Mary dead without any children and Anne’s only child dying and the increasing age of William and Anne, the prospect was raised of another claim to the throne by the children of James II

74
Q

What was the result of the Act of settlement

A
  • 57 potential Catholic heirs were excluded from the throne
  • The monarch had to be an active member of the C of E
  • The granddaughter of James I was made next in line for the throne
75
Q

Who was the granddaughter of James I

A

Sophia of Hanover

76
Q

Who was the Act of Settlement a triumph for

A

The Act of Settlement was a triumph for the Whigs

Britain 1625-1701 (8 decks)

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