Historical Developments in the Discipline of Archaeology Flashcards
Define antiquarian.
Someone who is interested in the past and digs up antiquities unscientifically
What was the contribution of Christiam Jurgenson Thomsen?
Developed three age system (iron age, bronze age, and stone age)
What was the contribution of Archbishop James Ussher?
Determined the earth was created in 4004 BC by analyzing the bible
What was the contribution of Georges Cuvier?
Introduced the concept of extinction; proposed the theory of catastrophism
What was the contribution of James Hutton?
Advanced the theory of uniformitarianism; suggesting Earth’s features are the result of long-term processes that continue to operate in the present
What was the contribution of Charles Lyell?
Built on ideas of uniformitarianism; processes such as wind, water erosion, and flooding all contributed to the formation of the present geological landscape
In what year was a Neanderthal skull discovered?
1857
In ____, John _____ discovered hand axes below layers containing the bones of ____ animals.
1797; Frere; extinct
What was the contribution of Jacques Boucher de Perthes?
Discovered ancient stone tools with the bones of extinct animals
What was the contribution of Jean Baptiste Lamarck?
Proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
What was the contribution of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace?
Theory of evolution by natural selection
Define unaltered fossils.
Remains preserved without mineralization
Define trace fossils.
Evidence preserved in rock that records the presence of an organism
Define fossil locales.
places where fossilized remains of once living organisms are found
Define archaeological site.
a place where evidence of past human activity is found
