Expanding Geographic Horizons Flashcards
It is believed the occupation of Australia was as early as _______ ya.
65 000
Describe the three hypothesized pathways of the original settlers of Australia and New Guinea
(1) Sahul– the land mass of “Greater Australia” including Australia proper, New Guinea, and Tasmania
(2) Sunda– the combined land mass of the modern islands of Java, Sumatra, Bali, and Borneo
(3) Wallace trench (undersea chasm separates New Guinea/Australia and Java/Borneo; suggests use of water craft
In 2017, new evidence of human occupation in Northern Australia by 65000 ya at Madjedbebe Rock Shelter obtained by _______ (OSL).
Optically stimulated luminescence
What are the two earliest sites in Greater Australia?
Lake Mingo, Willandra Lakes region and Devil’s Lair Southwest Australia
Describe Pleistocene megafauna.
Large, extinct herbivores in the Pleistocene.
Ex) Mastodon, mammoths, giant sloths, giant bison, dire wolves
When did megafauna go extinct?
11 000ya
Compare the two models for the timing of the peopling of the Americas.
(1) Clovis First Model:
Clovis culture, represented by fluted projectile spear points, were the initial occupants
(2) Pre-Clovis Model:
Human occupation predates Clovis; excavations suggest pre-clovis sites
What is the significance of the Monte Verde, Chile site?
Community predates clovis; 20-30 people occupied community 15000ya in South America
The location also suggests that people must have migrated along the pacific coast
Which pre-clovis site hold the title for longest continuous occupation sequence in Eastern North America?
Meadowcraft Rockshelter, Pennsylvania
Describe the three proposed migration routes (to Americas).
(1) Bering Land Bridge
Asian populations travelled across Beringia when sea-levels were low due to water trapped in ice
(2) Pacific Coastal Route
Suggests people used watercraft to migrate along the coast of NE Asia and NW N. America–along coast of Beringia and Islands down the coast
(3) Solutrean Hypothesis
Suggests Solutrean people travelled by watercraft across N. Atlantic ocean from Europe to E. N. America
Order the three proposed migration routes from most evidence to least evidence that supports the theory.
(1) Pacific Coastal Route
(2) Bering Land Bridge
(3) Solutrean Hypothesis
What is the significance of the Anzick site in Montana?
The only confirmed Clovis burial
18 month old baby found in direct association of Clovis artifacts
DNA comparison indicated 80% of Indigenous peoples are somehow related
When was Beringia exposed and open for travel? What was it’s approximate size?
35000-11000 ya; 1500km wide
What three sites indicate when Eastern Siberia was inhabited?
(1) SK Mammoth site 45000ya
(2) Mamontovaya Kurya, Russia 40000ya
(3) Yana RHS (Rhino Horn site), Siberia 32000ya
What three sites indicate when Eastern Siberia was inhabited?
(1) SK Mammoth site 45000ya
(2) Mamontovaya Kurya, Russia 40000ya
(3) Yana RHS (Rhino Horn site), Siberia 32000ya
