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SYSTEMATICS > HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (PLANTS) > Flashcards

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND (PLANTS) Flashcards

1
Q

classified plants based on habit; author of Historia Plantarum; Father of Botany

A

Theophrastus

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2
Q

author of Historia Naturalis (37 vol; includes medicinal and agricultural plants); lover of knowledge

A

Pliny the Elder

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3
Q

De Meteria Medica (600 plants); classified plants accdg to their medicinal uses; gave plants Latin names

A

Pedanius Dioscorides

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4
Q

 German philosopher, theologian and Dominican friat
 De Vegetabilis
 Classified plants into monocots and dicots based on their vascular cambium, stem anatomy.

A

Albertus Magnus

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5
Q

 German physician, botanist and theologian

 Herbarium vivae icones (illustrated); Brunfelsia (Solanaceae – eggplant & potato)

A

Otto Brunfels

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6
Q

 Italian physician and botanist
 Considered the creator of the first recorded herbarium
 First botanical garden in Europe

A

Luca Ghini

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7
Q

 French botanist
 Formalized the application of taxonomic rank
 First to make a clear definition of the genus concept [a genus is composed of a plenty of species] for plants (Salix, Acer, Populus, Verbena)
 Classified plants intro trees, shrubs, etc.
 Divided them into Polypetalae (with petals) & Apetalae
 Regular (radial symmetry) vs Irregular Flowers

A

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort

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8
Q

 Swedish physician, botanist, and zoologist
 Binomial nomenclature
 Numerical systems and sexual parts of plants
 Systema Naturae (1735); Genera Plantarum (1737); Species Plantarum (1753)
 Linnaea borealis (“twinflower”)
 First to place humans among the primates (Anthropomorpha)
 Father of modern taxonomy
 Used sexual terms (scandalous) to classify reproductive feature
 Popularized hierarchical system: Imperium (Empire), Regnum (Kingdom), Classis

A

Carl Von Linne

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9
Q

 Italian physician, philosopher, botanist
 Classified plants according to their fruits and seeds
 De Plantis libri (1583)
 One of the first botanists to make an herbarium
 Genus Caesalpinia

A

Andrea Caesalpino

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10
Q

Started genus as taxonomic rank; Pinax (1596); distinguished binomial species and genera; first to use binomial nomenclature; classify things based on its uses

A

Gaspard Bauhin

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11
Q

introduced the family concept; Genus Magnolia

A

Pierre Magnol

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12
Q

Separated phanerograms from cryptograms; wrote historia plantarum; classified plants accdg to similarities and differences; first to divide flowering plants into monocot and dicot

A

John Ray

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13
Q

Devised a natural system classification based on their physical characteristics (Adansonism); rejected artificial system; explored tropical plants

A

Michel Adanson

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14
Q

Flore Francoise (1778); concept of natural classification; coined the term biologie; organisms can transcend from one form to another

A

Jean Baptiste-Lamarck

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15
Q

organisms tend to change overtime

A

theory of use and disuse

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16
Q

species are immutable, not subjected to changes; species are fixed

A

theory of transmutation

17
Q

scheme of classification based on natural characters; Genera Plantarum Secondum

A

Antoine-Laurent De Jessieu

18
Q

Introduced the term “taxonomy”; Prodromus Systematis Naturalis; Revised flore francoise (lamarck)

A

Augustin De Candolle

19
Q

Formulated the first laws of botanical nomenclature adopted by the IBC in 1867

A

Alphonso De Candolle

20
Q

Genera Plantarum (200 families and 7569 genera); classified plants into Dicotyledons, Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms

A

Bentham and Hooker

21
Q

Classified plants into Thallophytes (algae, fungi, lichens) and Cormophytes (moss, ferns, seed plants); described many plant genera including Sequioa; genus Endlicheria (Lauraceae)

A

Stephan Endlicher

22
Q
  1. concept of alternation of generation
A

Wilhelm Hofmeister

23
Q
  1. Famous for his Dicta (statements used to determine the degree of primitiveness or advancement of plant groups; gave importance to floral axis)
A

Charles Bessey

24
Q
  1. Die Naturlichen Pflazen Familien (The Natural Plant Families); expert in some taxa; Engler system
A

Adolf Engler

25
Q
  1. Genera Cronquistia and cronquistianthus; Cronquist system (Integrated system of classification of flowering plants)
A

Arthur Cronquist

26
Q
  1. Takhtajan system (Division Magnoliophyta, Classses Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida; used by the Montreal Botanical Garden)
A

Armen Takhtajan

27
Q

provide a widely accepted and more stable point of reference for the classification of angiosperms; used genetic evidences; groups should be monophyletic

A

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group

SYSTEMATICS (7 decks)

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