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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES > HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD > Flashcards

HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A system of classifying ancient ages into groups based on tool development stages

A

Three-age system

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2
Q

Period of great scientific intellectual achievements that contributed to essential changes in scientific investigations

A

Scientific revolution

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3
Q

Period of complex technological inventions that eventually replaced human and animal forces.

A

Industrial revolution

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4
Q

or digital age; a period characterized by the change from traditional industry to an economy that is founded on the computerization of information.

A

Information age

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5
Q

2.5 million years ago - 3000 BC; Weapons are made of stone, wood, bone, or some other material aside from metals.

A

Stone Age

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6
Q

Three-age system

A

Paleolithic (Old Stone), Mesolithic (Middle Stone) and Neolithic (New Stone) Period

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7
Q

Longest phase of human history.-Humans were suggested to evolve from ape-like creatures to homo-sapiens.

A

Paleolithic Period

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8
Q

first manmade dwellings.

A

Pit Houses

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9
Q

a carving of a woman out of ivory stone.

A

Venus

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10
Q

Marked the end of the last Ice Age; which resulted in the extinction of large mammals, rising sea levels, and climate change which caused men to migrate.

A

Mesolithic Period

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11
Q

small stone tools; polished; sometimes crafted with points attached to antlers, bones, or wood to serve as spears; also used for digging and stitching clothes.

A

Microliths

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12
Q

was introduced which led to permanent settlements.

A

Agriculture

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13
Q

villages of huts and walled cities

A

Mesolithic settlements

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14
Q

Permanent shelters; Cultural and technological development was based on agriculture; Wide domestication of plants and animals.

A

Neolithic Period

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15
Q

3000 BC-1200 BC; Tools (ox-drawn bronze plow and wheel) and weapons are widely made from copper or bronze (copper and tin alloy)

A

Bronze Age

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16
Q

Bronze is made up of what

A

88% Copper and 12% Tin

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17
Q

Metal extraction from ore; Sumerians of Mesopotamia

A

Smelting

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18
Q

Use of man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources; floodplains to fields; reservoir lake.

A

Irrigation

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19
Q

Rotation of the crops planted in numerous fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.

A

Field System

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20
Q

Equation of this object was found on Babylonian earth tablet (2800BC); made from cassia oil, water, and alkali.

A

Soap

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21
Q

built to honor their dead pharaohs

A

Pyramids

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22
Q

1500 BC-450 AD; Tools and weapons are made from iron and steel.

A

Iron Age

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23
Q

metal harder than copper and tin.

A

Smelting Iron

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24
Q

equipment for smelting.

A

Smelting pit

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25
Q

Imprinted metal pieces for exchange; emerged in Lydia (600BC), a kingdom in Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey); images that are imprinted are sort of a currency.

A

Coins

26
Q

450 AD - 1450 AD; AKA Medieval Period; Dark Ages (Rome and Greece were conquered); Beginning of Feudalism

A

Middle Ages

27
Q

the willingness to be ruled by the lords led to the beginning of?

A

Feudalism

28
Q

pulls on the horse’s shoulders for ploughing and wagon; Chinese innovation that came to Europe

A

Horse collar

29
Q

From China; a magnetic device that showed direction

A

Magnetic compass

30
Q

A stone age invention; rotary motion to reciprocal motion to generate power.

A

Water-mill

31
Q

The development of ______ led to the creation of the first mechanical clocks.

A

Verge escapement

32
Q

an early type of seismograph that determine the presence and
direction of an earthquake.

A

Seismoscope

33
Q

started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD). The early uses of this paper were for clothing, wall décor, artworks, and even in toilets.

A

Chinese paper making/Chinese Paper

34
Q

a magnetized stone of iron, in Han dynasty.

A

Iodestone

35
Q

was developed in the middle ages as weapons for military activities

A

Canon and Gun Powder

36
Q

that utilizes needles for medical therapy

A

Acupuncture

37
Q

what was the first movable type of printing made of?

A

Pottery/Porcelain

38
Q

carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.

A

Wheel barrow

39
Q

science of smelting

A

Metallurgy

40
Q

was established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit; promotes good health

A

Ayurveda

41
Q

completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.

A

Christopher Columbus

42
Q

3 civilizations in Pre-Columbian America

A

Mayan, Aztec, Inca

43
Q

made of limestones; display of their architectural prowess.

A

Pyramids

44
Q

monetary units

A

Cocoa Beans

45
Q

365 days in a year; comprises 18 months of 20 days.

A

Mayan solar calendar

46
Q

process of clearing forest lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create land for agriculture.

A

Slash and Burn

47
Q

a peculiar ritual of the Aztecs; uses razor-sharp obsidian blades to slice open their chests and offer their still-beating hearts to their Gods.

A

Human sacrifices

48
Q

to provide access to stream water with retaining walls; deflect heat during hot days; prevent crops from frostbites at night.

A

Irrigation canals

49
Q

Contrary to the Aztecs’ slash-and-burn technique, the Incas utilized more advanced farming method which was?

A

Terrace farming

50
Q

3cs of the scientific revolution

A

Creativity, Curiosity, Critical-Thinking

51
Q

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS

A

Copernican Heliocentrism

52
Q

Copernicus Heliocentrism

A

sun at the center of the universe; planets orbit around the sun in circular paths and are modified by epicycles.

53
Q

JOHANNES KEPLER

A

The three (3) laws of planetary motion

54
Q

ISAAC NEWTON

A

3 laws of motion

55
Q

more powerful than standard telescopes.

A

Reflecting telescope

56
Q

CHARLES DARWIN

A

Theory of evolution

57
Q

SIGMUND FREUD

A

Psychoanalysis

58
Q

Mid-18th century; Started in Great Britain; Transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.

A

Industrial Revolution

59
Q

Began around the 1970s up to present. Is also known as the computer age, digital age, or new media age.

A

Information Age

60
Q

designed by Charles Babbage in the 1830s

A

Analytical Engine

61
Q

Information age is divided into:

A

Gutenberg Revolution and Post-Gutenberg Revolution

62
Q

books printed using movable type printing presses in the beginning of the Gutenberg era.

A

Incunabula

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY STUDIES (14 decks)

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