HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS IN THE WORLD Flashcards
A system of classifying ancient ages into groups based on tool development stages
Three-age system
Period of great scientific intellectual achievements that contributed to essential changes in scientific investigations
Scientific revolution
Period of complex technological inventions that eventually replaced human and animal forces.
Industrial revolution
or digital age; a period characterized by the change from traditional industry to an economy that is founded on the computerization of information.
Information age
2.5 million years ago - 3000 BC; Weapons are made of stone, wood, bone, or some other material aside from metals.
Stone Age
Three-age system
Paleolithic (Old Stone), Mesolithic (Middle Stone) and Neolithic (New Stone) Period
Longest phase of human history.-Humans were suggested to evolve from ape-like creatures to homo-sapiens.
Paleolithic Period
first manmade dwellings.
Pit Houses
a carving of a woman out of ivory stone.
Venus
Marked the end of the last Ice Age; which resulted in the extinction of large mammals, rising sea levels, and climate change which caused men to migrate.
Mesolithic Period
small stone tools; polished; sometimes crafted with points attached to antlers, bones, or wood to serve as spears; also used for digging and stitching clothes.
Microliths
was introduced which led to permanent settlements.
Agriculture
villages of huts and walled cities
Mesolithic settlements
Permanent shelters; Cultural and technological development was based on agriculture; Wide domestication of plants and animals.
Neolithic Period
3000 BC-1200 BC; Tools (ox-drawn bronze plow and wheel) and weapons are widely made from copper or bronze (copper and tin alloy)
Bronze Age
Bronze is made up of what
88% Copper and 12% Tin
Metal extraction from ore; Sumerians of Mesopotamia
Smelting
Use of man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources; floodplains to fields; reservoir lake.
Irrigation
Rotation of the crops planted in numerous fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.
Field System
Equation of this object was found on Babylonian earth tablet (2800BC); made from cassia oil, water, and alkali.
Soap
built to honor their dead pharaohs
Pyramids
1500 BC-450 AD; Tools and weapons are made from iron and steel.
Iron Age
metal harder than copper and tin.
Smelting Iron
equipment for smelting.
Smelting pit
Imprinted metal pieces for exchange; emerged in Lydia (600BC), a kingdom in Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey); images that are imprinted are sort of a currency.
Coins
450 AD - 1450 AD; AKA Medieval Period; Dark Ages (Rome and Greece were conquered); Beginning of Feudalism
Middle Ages
the willingness to be ruled by the lords led to the beginning of?
Feudalism
pulls on the horse’s shoulders for ploughing and wagon; Chinese innovation that came to Europe
Horse collar
From China; a magnetic device that showed direction
Magnetic compass
A stone age invention; rotary motion to reciprocal motion to generate power.
Water-mill
The development of ______ led to the creation of the first mechanical clocks.
Verge escapement
an early type of seismograph that determine the presence and
direction of an earthquake.
Seismoscope
started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD). The early uses of this paper were for clothing, wall décor, artworks, and even in toilets.
Chinese paper making/Chinese Paper
a magnetized stone of iron, in Han dynasty.
Iodestone
was developed in the middle ages as weapons for military activities
Canon and Gun Powder
that utilizes needles for medical therapy
Acupuncture
what was the first movable type of printing made of?
Pottery/Porcelain
carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.
Wheel barrow
science of smelting
Metallurgy
was established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit; promotes good health
Ayurveda
completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.
Christopher Columbus
3 civilizations in Pre-Columbian America
Mayan, Aztec, Inca
made of limestones; display of their architectural prowess.
Pyramids
monetary units
Cocoa Beans
365 days in a year; comprises 18 months of 20 days.
Mayan solar calendar
process of clearing forest lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create land for agriculture.
Slash and Burn
a peculiar ritual of the Aztecs; uses razor-sharp obsidian blades to slice open their chests and offer their still-beating hearts to their Gods.
Human sacrifices
to provide access to stream water with retaining walls; deflect heat during hot days; prevent crops from frostbites at night.
Irrigation canals
Contrary to the Aztecs’ slash-and-burn technique, the Incas utilized more advanced farming method which was?
Terrace farming
3cs of the scientific revolution
Creativity, Curiosity, Critical-Thinking
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
Copernican Heliocentrism
Copernicus Heliocentrism
sun at the center of the universe; planets orbit around the sun in circular paths and are modified by epicycles.
JOHANNES KEPLER
The three (3) laws of planetary motion
ISAAC NEWTON
3 laws of motion
more powerful than standard telescopes.
Reflecting telescope
CHARLES DARWIN
Theory of evolution
SIGMUND FREUD
Psychoanalysis
Mid-18th century; Started in Great Britain; Transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.
Industrial Revolution
Began around the 1970s up to present. Is also known as the computer age, digital age, or new media age.
Information Age
designed by Charles Babbage in the 1830s
Analytical Engine
Information age is divided into:
Gutenberg Revolution and Post-Gutenberg Revolution
books printed using movable type printing presses in the beginning of the Gutenberg era.
Incunabula
