historians Flashcards
control of ministers
some historians believe he enjoyed playing his ministers off against each other
fall of cromwell
Scarisbrick says that it was Norfolk and Gardiner who were key to his fall
control of faction
S Gunn asserts that the king made all final decision, whether or not he’d been influenced
fall of norfolk and gardiner
N Fellows - their falls show that in many ways, the king was dominated
pilgrimage of grace
G Elton argues that some rebels had links to Aragonese faction
motivation of pilgrimage of grace
J J Scarisbrick claims that it was religiously motivated
monasteries
G W Bernard suggests that Henry had no particular interest in monasteries so saw no reason to spare them
feelings for Anne
Eric Ives suggests that it was not until 1527 that Wolsey realised the extent of Henry’s attachment to Anne
this suggests she wasn’t the original motivation
reason for annulment
Virginia Murphy - he was so utterly convinced that his marriage was against God’s will
Anne Boleyn
A P Gywn - Henry never made it in public that he had fallen for Anne
Campeggio - Henry sees nothing and thinks nothing but Anne
the church
had a vigorous hold over the people - E Duffy
church abuses
the church was suffering from a variety if abuses and lacked spirituality - A G Dickens
condition of church
S J Gunn - senior churchmen across Europe indulged in Simony, nepotism and pluralism
church donations
Andrew Pettigree - 50% of churches were remodelled in the 15th century
why did Wolsey fall
David Loades - failure to secure and annulment and the fiasco of the amicable grant
wolsey and faction
John Lotherington - Wolsey was the victim of factional intrigues
henry and Wolsey
P Gwyn - it was Henry that made him and Henry had destroyed him
Henry’s ambition
J Guy asserts that Henry’s driving force was his ambition for the French throne
Treaty of London
J J Scarisbrick believes that Wolsey’s main concern was peace, as he knew it would benefit England financially
also Wolsey’s greatest success
revisionist view of Wolsey
P Gywn - claims he was a great statesman, yet always in Henry’s control
D Loades agrees
Wolsey’s aims
M Creighton believes that Wolsey wanted to dominate Europe in ENgland’s interests
Wolsey and Rome
A F Pollard believed that Wolsey conducted FP in interests of Pope - hoped to become it one day
faction in final decade
N Fellows - faction ultimately triumphed in 1540s
war with France 1544
cost £2 million - D MacCulloch has said that he caused a “mid-tudor crisis”
used up monastic money, debased coinage, forced loans and borrowed on Antwerp money market
used faction
recent work argues that Henry used factional struggles to strengthen his position
England by his death
Dickens argues that by his death, England was mostly protestant
church in good condition
J J Scarisbrick - argues that the church was in no worse condition that it had been
reason for break with rome
A G Dickens - has argues that Henry’s decisions were influenced the strength of anti-Clericalism in England
financial reforms
John Guy argues that Wolsey brought about significant change
replaced 15th and 10th with subsidy
Pilgrimage orchestrated
by disaffected nobility - angry and resentful at positions of Anne and Cromwell - G R Elton
Popular rebellion thesis - PoG
supported by Dodds - argues that it was motivated by common people’s anger at religious changes
court faction thesis - PoG
supported by Elton - suggests that as Darcy and Hussey were members of Aragonese faction, they could’ve planned the rebellion
manipulate
P Gywn - Henry was not someone who could be easily manipulated
imperial ambitions
Pollard - unite Eng and Sc
but discredited by Henry’s attempts to subdue Scotland
Wolsey did not
set out to antagonize the nobility, except when they conflicted the interests of the crown - Gwyn
partial control
AGR Smith - Henry only, at best, in partial control of court intrigues
protestant by 1547
Susan Brigden suggests by 1547 only 20% of london were Prot
henry had
“experienced the politics of manipulation in an acute form” - D Starkey
