historians

Question 1

control of ministers

Answer 1

some historians believe he enjoyed playing his ministers off against each other

Question 2

fall of cromwell

Answer 2

Scarisbrick says that it was Norfolk and Gardiner who were key to his fall

Question 3

control of faction

Answer 3

S Gunn asserts that the king made all final decision, whether or not he’d been influenced

Question 4

fall of norfolk and gardiner

Answer 4

N Fellows - their falls show that in many ways, the king was dominated

Question 5

pilgrimage of grace

Answer 5

G Elton argues that some rebels had links to Aragonese faction

Question 6

motivation of pilgrimage of grace

Answer 6

J J Scarisbrick claims that it was religiously motivated

Question 7

monasteries

Answer 7

G W Bernard suggests that Henry had no particular interest in monasteries so saw no reason to spare them

Question 8

feelings for Anne

Answer 8

Eric Ives suggests that it was not until 1527 that Wolsey realised the extent of Henry’s attachment to Anne

this suggests she wasn’t the original motivation

Question 9

reason for annulment

Answer 9

Virginia Murphy - he was so utterly convinced that his marriage was against God’s will

Question 10

Anne Boleyn

Answer 10

A P Gywn - Henry never made it in public that he had fallen for Anne

Campeggio - Henry sees nothing and thinks nothing but Anne

Question 11

the church

Answer 11

had a vigorous hold over the people - E Duffy

Question 12

church abuses

Answer 12

the church was suffering from a variety if abuses and lacked spirituality - A G Dickens

Question 13

condition of church

Answer 13

S J Gunn - senior churchmen across Europe indulged in Simony, nepotism and pluralism

Question 14

church donations

Answer 14

Andrew Pettigree - 50% of churches were remodelled in the 15th century

Question 15

why did Wolsey fall

Answer 15

David Loades - failure to secure and annulment and the fiasco of the amicable grant

Question 16

wolsey and faction

Answer 16

John Lotherington - Wolsey was the victim of factional intrigues

Question 17

henry and Wolsey

Answer 17

P Gwyn - it was Henry that made him and Henry had destroyed him

Question 18

Henry’s ambition

Answer 18

J Guy asserts that Henry’s driving force was his ambition for the French throne

Question 19

Treaty of London

Answer 19

J J Scarisbrick believes that Wolsey’s main concern was peace, as he knew it would benefit England financially

also Wolsey’s greatest success

Question 20

revisionist view of Wolsey

Answer 20

P Gywn - claims he was a great statesman, yet always in Henry’s control

D Loades agrees

Question 21

Wolsey’s aims

Answer 21

M Creighton believes that Wolsey wanted to dominate Europe in ENgland’s interests

Question 22

Wolsey and Rome

Answer 22

A F Pollard believed that Wolsey conducted FP in interests of Pope - hoped to become it one day

Question 23

faction in final decade

Answer 23

N Fellows - faction ultimately triumphed in 1540s

Question 24

war with France 1544

Answer 24

cost £2 million - D MacCulloch has said that he caused a “mid-tudor crisis”

used up monastic money, debased coinage, forced loans and borrowed on Antwerp money market

Question 25

used faction

Answer 25

recent work argues that Henry used factional struggles to strengthen his position

Question 26

England by his death

Answer 26

Dickens argues that by his death, England was mostly protestant

Question 27

church in good condition

Answer 27

J J Scarisbrick - argues that the church was in no worse condition that it had been

Question 28

reason for break with rome

Answer 28

A G Dickens - has argues that Henry’s decisions were influenced the strength of anti-Clericalism in England

Question 29

financial reforms

Answer 29

John Guy argues that Wolsey brought about significant change

replaced 15th and 10th with subsidy

Question 30

Pilgrimage orchestrated

Answer 30

by disaffected nobility - angry and resentful at positions of Anne and Cromwell - G R Elton

Question 31

Popular rebellion thesis - PoG

Answer 31

supported by Dodds - argues that it was motivated by common people’s anger at religious changes

Question 32

court faction thesis - PoG

Answer 32

supported by Elton - suggests that as Darcy and Hussey were members of Aragonese faction, they could’ve planned the rebellion

Question 33

manipulate

Answer 33

P Gywn - Henry was not someone who could be easily manipulated

Question 34

imperial ambitions

Answer 34

Pollard - unite Eng and Sc

but discredited by Henry’s attempts to subdue Scotland

Question 35

Wolsey did not

Answer 35

set out to antagonize the nobility, except when they conflicted the interests of the crown - Gwyn

Question 36

partial control

Answer 36

AGR Smith - Henry only, at best, in partial control of court intrigues

Question 37

protestant by 1547

Answer 37

Susan Brigden suggests by 1547 only 20% of london were Prot

Question 38

henry had

Answer 38

“experienced the politics of manipulation in an acute form” - D Starkey