Histopathology - Fundamentals Flashcards
function of neutrophils
acute inflammation
function of lymphocytes
chronic inflammation (lymphomas)
function of eosinphils
- allergic reactions
- parasitic infections
- tumours (i.e. Hodgkin’s)
- eosinophilic oesophagitis (allergic reaction)
function of mast cells
large and full of inflammatory granules
welts and rashes e.g. urticaria
function of macrophages
- late acute inflammation
- chronic inflammation
- granulomas (organised collection of activated macrophages)
what does a Ziehl-Neelson stain do?
acid fast stain
differentiate sarcoid and TB
histology of SCC
keratin production
intercellular bridges
what stain would you use for SCC of lung?
P40 stain
histology of adenocarcinomas
mucin production
glands
what stains would you use in adenocarcinomas?
mucin stain (to differentiate from SCC)
fontana stain for melanin
TTF-1 stain for adenocarcinoma of lung
histology of transitional cell carcinomas
just looks like transitional epithelium
what is the general cytological stain?
Papanicolaou
how do histochemical stains work?
based on reaction between stain and component of tissue
reaction creates colour to be identified
histochemical stain for copper
Rhodanine stain
histochemical stain for haemochromatosis
Prussian Blue iron stain
histochemical stain for amyloid
congo red stain
shows apple green birefringence
histochemical stain for brucellosis
castaneda medium
histochemical stain for A1AT, candida
peroidic acid schiff stain
how do immunohistochemical stains work?
based on antibodies matching to specific antigens on tissue
what is the marker for lymphoid cells?
CD45
what is the marker for epithelial cells?
cytokeratins
what is the marker for neuroendocrine cells (MEN1, insulinomas, phaeochromocytoma)?
chromogranin stain
