Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HistoPath > Histopathology 9 - Urological pathology > Flashcards

Histopathology 9 - Urological pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common composition of urinary calculi?

A

Calcium oxalate

AKA Weddelite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most likely cause of calcium oxalate urinary calculi?

A

Hypercalciuria

Either due to excessive Ca absorption from gut or impaired absorption in nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are magnesium ammonium phosphate urinary calculi also known as?

A

Triple stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cause of triple stones AKA Magnesium ammonium phosphate ?

A

A consequence of infection with urease-producing organisms

Urease –> ammonia increase

Ammonia makes urine alkaline –> triple stone precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why might a small urinary stone become symptomatic?

A

If it gets out of kidney and gets into the ureter - it will cause colic at any point where the ureter bends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of urinary calculi are caused by gout?

A

Uric acid stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is papillary adenoma of the kidney?

What size are they?

A

Benign epithelial kidney tumour composed of papillae and/or tubules

ALWAYS 15MM OR LESS IN SIZE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a renal oncocytoma?

What does histology show?

A

Benign epithelial kidney tumour composed of oncocytic cells

Histology: Oncocytes are the large cells with pink granular cytoplasm and a prominent nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What syndrome should be considered in a patient with many renal oncocytomas?

A

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an angiomyolipoma?

A

Benign mesenchymal kidney tumour composed of thick-walled blood vessels, smooth muscle and fat

NB Angio= blood, myo= muscle, lipo= fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what condition are angiomyolipomas most likely to appear?

A

Tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a renal cell carcinoma?

A

Malignancy of epithelial cells of proximal convuluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the main symptom of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Painless haematuria

NB Most of the remaining cases are detected incidentally on imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (70%)

other types = papillary cell (15%) + chromophone (5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the genetic association of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma?

A

Loss of chromosome 3p

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Nephroblastoma also known as?

A

Wilm’s tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does nephroblastoma typically present?

A

Abdominal mass in children aged 2-5

18
Q

What is the new name for transitional cell carcinoma?

A

Urothelial carcinoma

19
Q

What are the 2 main treatments of BPH?

A

5 alpha reductase inhibitors
Alpha blockers

20
Q

What score is used for prostatic adenocarcinoma?

A

Gleason score

21
Q

What is the most common type of testicular tumour?

A

90% = germ cell

22
Q

Recall 2 risk factors for testicular germ cell tumours

A

Undescended testes
Low birth weight

23
Q

What are the histological subtypes of germ cell testicular tumour?

A

Seminoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Post-pubertal teratoma: THIS IS MALIGNANT
Yolk Sac Tumour

24
Q

What is the most useful form of chemo in germ cell testicular tumours?

A

Platinum based

25
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of non-germ cell testicular tumours?

A

Lymphoma
Leydig cell
Sertoli cell

26
Q

Which type of testicular tumour can present with precocious puberty?

A

Leydig cell

27
Q

What is flat urothelial carcinoma in situ?

A

Very high grade lesion with high risk of progression into invasive tumour

See reddish area

28
Q

Which testicular germ cell tumour has clear polygonal cells and a lymohcytic inflitrate?

A

Seminoma

29
Q

Which type of urinary stone is most likely to develop into a massive “staghorn calculus”?

A

Triple stone AKA Magnesium ammonium phosphate (Struvite)

30
Q

What is the typical histological appearance of non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma?

A

Frond-like growths

31
Q

What is the typical histological appearance of a seminoma?

A

Clear polygonal cells and lymphocytic infiltrate

32
Q

Which kidney cancer has golden-yellow appearance with haemorrhagic areas

A

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

33
Q

How does clear cell look on histology?

A

Lots of clear cells (they’re literally clear)

34
Q

Papillary adenoma vs Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma in terms of size

A

Adenoma = <15 mm

Carcinoma = >15 mm

35
Q

fragile, friable brown tumour - which kidney tumour?

A

Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma

36
Q

well-circumscribed solid brown tumour - which kidney tumour?

A

Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma

37
Q

Risk progressoin index used for Renal Cell Carcinoma

A

Leibovich Risk Model

38
Q

How do UROTHELIAL CARCINOMAS (used to be called transitional cell carcinomas) present?

A

Haematuria

39
Q

frond-like (leaf-like) growths - which renal tumour?

A

Non-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

40
Q

Most common malignant tumour in M

A

Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (this is the malignant form of prostate tumours)

41
Q

Testicular Germ Cell Tumours arise from what?

A

germ cell neoplasia in situ

42
Q

Malignant type of Testicular Germ Cell Tumours

A

Post-Pubertal Teratoma

HistoPath (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions