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MTAP > Histopath (Qual Controls, Fresh tissue Examination & Fixatives > Flashcards

Histopath (Qual Controls, Fresh tissue Examination & Fixatives Flashcards

1
Q

A method of Fresh tissue examination whereby a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing a solution, carefully dissected and examined under the microscope

A

teasing or dissociation

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2
Q

What is the solution referred in teasing or dissociation method of examining fresh tissue

A

isotonic salt solution

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3
Q

T/F. In Squash Preparation, how many mm in diameter are placed in a microscopic slide

A

not more than 1 mm

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4
Q

What action is allowed to be absorbed by the tissue when vital stain is placed at the junction of the slide and the cover glass

A

Capillary Action

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5
Q

Enumerate the 4 methods of Fresh tissue examination

A

Teasing or Dissociation
Squash Preparation
Smear Preparation
Frozen Section

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6
Q

It is the process of examining sections or sediments, whereby cellular materials are spread lightly over a slide by means of a wire loop or applicator, or by making an apposition smear with another slide

A

Smear Preparation

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7
Q

A methods of fresh tissue examination that is especially useful in cytologic examinaTIONS, particularly cancer diagnosis

A

Smear preparation

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8
Q

What are the types of smear preparation

A

pull-apart
streaking
spreading
touch preparation or impression smear

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9
Q

A type of smear preparation where applicator stick or platinum loop is used, the material is rapidly and gently applied in a direct or zigzag line throughout the slide, attempting to obtain a relatively uniform distribution of secretion

A

streaking

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10
Q

T/F. In Spreading type of Smear preparation, too thin or too thick smears have to be avoided, since they make the tissues unsuitable for examination

A

false. streaking

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11
Q

A type of smear prep whereby a selected portion of the material is transferred to a clean slide and gently spread into a moderately thick film by teasing the mucous strands apart with an applicator stick

A

spreading

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12
Q

This method is a little more tedious than streaking, but has the advantage of maintaining cellulat interrelationships of the material to be examined

A

spreading

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13
Q

What type of smear preparation where it is recommended for smear preparations of fresh sputum and bronchial aspirates ans also for thick mucoid secretions

A

spreading

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14
Q

it is done by placing a drop of secretions or sediment upon one slide and facing it to another clean slide

A

pull-apart

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15
Q

What type of smear preparation that is uyseful for preparing smears of thick secreations such as serous fluid, concentrated sputum, enzymatic lavage samples from GI tract and blood smears

A

pull- apart

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16
Q

A special method of smear preparation whereby the surface of a freshly cut piece of tissue is brought into a contact and pressed on to the surface of a clean glass slide; allowing the cells tp be transferred directly to the slide

A

touch preparation or impression smear

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17
Q

Impression smear is examined by ________________ and stained by _____________________

A

phase contrast microscopy
light microscopy study

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18
Q

this method is normally utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the tissue in question uis required.

A

frozen section

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19
Q

What elements are to be demonstrated when frozen sections are recommended

A

LIPIDS AND NERVOUS ELEMTNS

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20
Q

What is the temperature of a cryostat in forzen sections

A

-10 to -20 degree celsius

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21
Q

What is the thickness of a fresh forizen tissue

A

10 to 15 microns

22
Q

T/F. fresh frozen tissues must always be in a very thin slices that is cut from a microtime with carbon dioxide

A

true

23
Q

T/F. tissue for freezing should be fresh and freezing can be done slowly to avoid distortion of tissue

A

false.

tissue for freezing should be fresh and freezing should be done as quickly as possible. slow freezing can cause distortion of tissue d/t ice crystal artifacts

24
Q

enumerate the most commonly used method of freezing

A

liquid nitrogen
Isopentane cooled by liquid nitrogen
carbon dioxide gas
aerosol sprays

25
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

generally used in histochemistry and during operative procedures

A

liquid nitrogen

26
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

the most rapid of the commonly available freezing agents

A

liquid nitrogen

27
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

main disadvantage is that soft tissue is liable to crack d/t rapid expansion of the ice wthin the tissue, producing ice crystals or freeze artifacts

A

liquid nitrogen

28
Q

T/F. the tissue snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen must therefore be allowed to equilibrate to cryostat chamber temperature before sectioning is attempted

A

true

29
Q

T/F. the majority of non-fatty unfixed tissues are sectioned well at temp between -10 to -25 degree celsius

A

true

30
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

causes a vapor phase

A

liquid nitrogen

31
Q

One problem with the use of liquid nitrogen is it cause vapor phase. To overcome this problem, it needs to freeze the tissue in ___, ___, ____ that has a high thermal conductivity

A

isopentane
OCT
frozen 2.2

32
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

increasingly popular in recent years, and is adequate for freezing small pieces of tissue excapt muscle

A

AEROSOLS SPRAYS

33
Q

Identify what is the method of freezing is being described below:

A pyrex of glass beaker is usally suspended in a flask of liquid nitrogen until half-liquid and half-solid stage is reached

A

isopentane

34
Q

Enumerate in order on how we preserved and processed solid structures and tissues

A

fixation
dehydration
clearing
infiltration(impregnation)
embedding
trimming
section-cutting
staining
mounting
labeling

35
Q

the first and most criticsl step in histotechnology

A

fixation

36
Q

a mechanism in fixation whereby chemical of the fixative is taken in and becomes part of the tissue giving stability to the protein

A

additive

37
Q

a mechanism in fixatives whereby fixing agent is not incorporated into the tissue

A

non-aaditive fixation

38
Q

a mechanism in fixatives that involves removing of water that bound to H-bonds

A

non-aaditive fixatives

39
Q

What are the 6 main factors involved in fization?

A

hydrogen Ion concentration
temperature
thickness of section
osmolality
concentration
duration of fixation

40
Q

What are the Practical consideration of fixation

A

speed
penetration
volume
duration of fixation

41
Q

T/F. recommended size of tissue is 2 cm2, and no more than 4 mm thick

A

true

42
Q

T/F. refrigeration is used to slow down decomposition if the tissue needs to be photographed and cannot be fixed immediately

A

true

43
Q

What type of fixative accdg. to action that permit the general microscopic study of tissue structures without altering the structural pattern and normal intercellular relationship of the tissue in question

A

microanatomical fixatives

44
Q

What type of fixative accdg. to action that preserve specific parts and particular microscopic elements of the cell itself

A

cytological fixatives

45
Q

A fixatives that usually contain glacial acetic acid as their perimary component. They have a pH of 4.6 or less

A

nuclear fixatives

46
Q

T/F. Cytoplasmic fixatives must have a glacial acetic acid. They have a pH of more than 4.6

A

false. must not have glacial acetic acid since it can destroy mitochondria and golgi bodies

47
Q

Two aldehyde fixative mixtures have bee particularly useful for electron cytochemistry. What is the best know solution?

A

Karnovsky’s paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde solution

48
Q

What is the aldehyde which has been introduced as a mixture with glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde

A

acrolein

49
Q

One of the most widely used fixatives that is made from formaldehyde

A

10% formalin

50
Q

T/F. high formaldehyde concentrates tend to overharden the outer layer of the tissue and affect staining adversely

A

true

MTAP (6 decks)

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