Histopath of GI Disease

Question 1

Describe the normal histology of the oesophagus

Answer 1

• folded appearance
• when swallowing food, can distend & accomodate the food being swallowed
• basal layer is a layer of dividing cells, which proliferate & constantly move upwards, continously replacing the lining of epithelium

Question 2

What are the cells of the gastric epithelium?

Answer 2

• surface epithelial cells
• proliferating cells
• parietal cells
• enterochromaffin- like cells
• D- cells
• cheif cells

Question 3

Describe Barret’s Oesophagus

Answer 3

• characterised by abnormal changes in mucosal cells lining the lower portion of oesophagus
• normal stratified squamous epithelium to simple columnar epithelium
• interspersed goblet cells that are normally present only in colon
• premalignant condition

Question 4

Describe the histology of Barret’s Oesophagus

Answer 4

• intestinalised epithelium with goblet cells
• pseudo stratified columnar epithelium of the fundus of stomach
• submucosa displays an infiltrate including lymphocytes and plasma cells, constituting an underlying chronic inflammation

Question 5

What are the majority of stomach cancers?

Answer 5

• adenocarcinomas

Question 6

Describe Adenocarcinomas

Answer 6

• gastric adenocarcinomas is a malignant epithelial tumour, originating from glandular epithelium of gastric mucosa
• tend to aggressively invade the gastric wall, infiltrating the muscularis mucosae, the submucosa & then muscualaris propria