Cyto&Histo Path of Immune Diseases Flashcards
What influences homeostasis ?
gene & protein expression
What can peturbations affect ?
- matric, commensals, cells
What are some examples of Perturbations ?
-food
- pathogens
- physical damage
- chemical damage
- other exposures
What are the key concepts of Tolerance?
- We make self reactive cells
- must be removed/made non-functional
What is chronic subclinical inflammation?
- develops over life course
- genetic & environmental interactions
Describe Chimerism
- more than 1 DNA profile
- absorbed twin/ 2 zygotes fuse
Describe Mosaicism
- more than 1 DNA profile
- single egg/mutation
What are the key features of airway inflammation?
swelling & remodelling
What are 3 common types of airway inflammation?
- asthma
- COPD
- steroid resistance
Describe Mesothelioma
- oncological changes in airway
- asbestos exposure
Describe perpetuation & functional loss
- once change is established it can persist
- positive feedback for ongoing inflammation & fibrosis
- loss of function = no cilia, no epithelial cells & denuded epithelium
Describe the function of IgM
- opsonizing antigen for destruction
Describe the function of IgG
- only anitbody capable of crossing placental barrier
- neutralises toxins & viruses
- opsonizing antigen for destruction
Describe the function of IgA
- protects mucosal surfaces from toxins, bacteria & viruses via direct neutralisation or prevents it from binding to mucosal surface
Describe the function of IgE
- associated with hypersensitivity & allergic reactions
- plays role in immune response to parasites
Function of macrophages
- phagocytosis
- antigen presentation to T cells
Function of Neutrophils
- phagocytosis
- degranulation
Define Degranulation
- discharge of contents of a cell
Function of Eosinophils
- degranulation
- release of enzymes, growth factors & cytokines
Function of Basophils
- degranulation
- release of histamine, enzymes & cytokines
Functions of mast cells
- degranulation
- release of histamine, enzymes & cytokines
Function of lymphocytes
- T helper cells = immune response mediators
- cytotoxic = cell destruction
Function of monocytes
- differentiates to macrophages & dendritic cells to elicit an immune response
Function of Natural Killer cells
- tumour rejection
- desctruction of infected cells
- release of perforin & granzymes which induce apoptosis
