Histology Supplement

Question 1

Locations & Functions of Simple Squamous ET

Answer 1

Lung Alveoli - diffusion of gasses

Bowman’s capsule - filtration

Glomerulus - Diffusion

Endothelium - line blood vessels to provide a smooth surface

Mesothelium - covers organs, support

Capillaries - diffusion of gases

Question 2

Locations & Functions of Simple Cuboidal ET

Answer 2

Kidney Tubules - selective reabsorption

Ducts of salivary glands - secretion

Ducts of pancreas - secretion

Thyroid gland follicles - produce hormones

Question 3

Locations of Transitional ET

Answer 3

Ureters and bladders

Question 4

Locations of Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar ET

Answer 4

Trachea and Bronchi

Question 5

Glandular ET

Endocrine System Components

Answer 5

Islets of Langerhans - endocrine system cells

Alpha Cells - Secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar. Glucagon stimulates hydrolysis of glycogen. Glucagon also stimulates hydrolysis of lipids when glycogen stores are low.

Beta Cells - Secrete insulin in response to high blood sugar. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose. Glucose used for ATP or synthesized into glycogen.

Question 6

Glandular ET

Digestive System Components

Answer 6

Acinar Cells - Produce pancreatic enzymes and are sent to the duodenum of the small intestine through the pancreatic duct.

Question 7

Fibroblast

Answer 7

Produces collagen and elastic fibers

Question 8

Reticulocyte or reticuloblast

Answer 8

Produce reticular fibers

Question 9

Chondrocyte

Answer 9

cartilage cell

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

bone cell

Question 11

Adipocyte

Answer 11

lipid cell

Question 12

Mast cell

Answer 12

Produces heparin and histamine

Question 13

Monocyte

Answer 13

Phagocytic WBC in the vasculature

Question 14

Macrophage

Answer 14

A monocyte that is in the interstitial space

Question 15

Plasma Cell

Answer 15

Produces antibodies

Question 16

Loose or (areolar) CT

Answer 16

Strong and flexible.

Binds skin to muscle (superficial fascia) and surrounds muscles (deep fascia).

Surrounds blood vessels and nerves.

Fluid matrix which facilitates diffusion, also found in the capillary region of the dermis.

Question 17

Dense Irregular CT

Answer 17

Contains fibroblast

Forms reticular region of the dermis, fibrous capsules of organs and joints, and periosteum of bone.

Question 18

Elastic CT

Answer 18

Elastic fibers interwoven into sheets.

Found in walls of large arteries and lower respiratory tract.

Question 19

Reticular CT

Answer 19

Irregularly arranged.

Found in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus and bone marrow.

Contains reticuloblast, mast cells and macrophages.

Question 20

Adipose CT

Answer 20

Covers the surface of the heart, momentum, around kidneys, back of the eye and surrounds joints.

Question 21

Bone CT

Spongy or Cancellous Bone

Answer 21

Forms inner portion of flat bones and the epiphyses of long bones.

Porous, highly vascular

Spongy bone makes the bone lighter and provides spaces for red bone marrow where hemopoiesis occurs.

Question 22

Hyanline Cartilage CT

Answer 22

Most common cartilage.

Forms articular surface of bones, rings in trachea, upper respiratory track, nasal septum, costal cartilage between ribs and sternum and the fetal skeleton.

Question 23

Elastic Cartilage CT

Answer 23

Flexible cartilage containing elastic fibers.

Found in external ear, epiglottis, larynx, and auditory canal.

Question 24

Fibrocartilage CT

Answer 24

Strong and able to withstand compression.

Forms menisci of the knee, intervertebral joints and symphysis pubis.

Question 25

Blood

Answer 25

45% Cells

55% Plasma

Question 26

Erythrocytes

Answer 26

Red Blood Cells

Make up 94% of cell components.

Mature RBC are enucleated and packed with hemoglobin which carry oxygen.

Lasts 120 days.

Question 27

Leukocytes

Answer 27

White blood cell

Make up 0.14% of cell components.

Question 28

Thrombocytes

Answer 28

Platelets.

Make up 6% of cell components.

Question 29

Plasma

Answer 29

91. 5% water

7. 5% protein