Axial Skeleton Flashcards
1: Frontal Bone
1: Right Parietal Bone
2: Right Temporal Bone
1: Occipital Bone
2: Superior Nuchal Line
1: Sphenoid Bone
2: Sphenoid Bone (Disarticulated) - Sphenoid Sinus is located with the body of the Sphenoid
1: Ethmoid Bone
2: Ethmoid Bone (disarticulated)
1: Nasal
2: Lacrimal
1: Vomer
1: Left Zygomatic (malar)
2: Temporal Process - Fuses with zyomatic process to form the zygomatic arch
1: Right Maxilla
2: Left Maxilla
3: Mandible
1: Palatine
2: Palatine Processes of Maxilla
1: Frontal or Coronal Suture
1: Sagittal Suture
1: Squamous Suture
1: Occipital Lambdoid Suture
1: Anterior Fontanelle - Membrane connecting developing bones in the skull
2: Ossification Center
1: Posterior Fontanelle
1: Anterior Lateral Fontanelle
2: Posterior Lateral Fontanelle
1: Supraorbital notches or foramina - Passage way for supraorbital nerves and vessels
2: Supraorbital ridges or margins - Where eyebrows are located
1: Fontal Sinus
1: Mastoid Process - Muscle attachment
2: Squamous portion or region - flat portion of the bone
3: Zygomatic Process
4: External Auditory Meatus -
5: Mandubular Fossa - Part of the TMJ
1: Jugular Foramen - Internal passage for the jugular vein
1: Jugular Foramen - Internal passage for the jugular vein
2: Carotid Canal - Internal passage for the carotid artery
1: Carotid Canal - Internal passage for the carotid artery
1: Jugular Foramen - Internal passage for the jugular vein
1: Jugular Foramen - Internal passage for the jugular vein
2: Carotid Canal - Internal passafe for the carotid artery
1: Internal auditory meatus - Auditory nerve exits the petrous portion of the temporal bone
2: Petrous portion of the temporal bone (ridge superior to internal auditory meatus)
1: Styloid Processes - (fang like projections) Anchors the Hyoid Bone
1: Hyoid - Aids in swallowing; Connects to the Styloid bones with the Stylo-Hyoi Ligaments
1: Petrous region - (ridge superior to internal auditory meatus)
2: Internal auditory meatus
1: Carotid Canal - Internal passage for carotid artery
1: Occipital Condyles - Articulate with the superior articulating surfaces of the first cervical verterba Or the “Atlas”; These form the atlanto-occipital join which allows the “yes” movement of the head.
2: Foramen Magnum - Passage for the brain stem
1: Jugular Foramen - Internal passage for the jugular vein
1: Sphenoid
2: Sphenoid Body
1: Pterygoid Processes and Plates
2: Lesser Wing
3: Greater Wing
1: Sella Turcica - Place where pituitary gland sits
1: Sella Turcica - Place where pituitary gland sits
2: Lesser Wing
3: Greater Wing
1: External surface of greater wing of Sphenoid bone
1: Optic Foramen - Passage for the optic nerves; Sensory nerve that conducts impulses from the eye to the brain
1: Optic Foramen - Passage for the optic nerves; Sensory nerve that conducts impulses from the eye to the brain
1: Optic Foramen - Passage for the optic nerves; Sensory nerve that conducts impulses from the eye to the brain
1: Superior Orbital Fissure - Passage way for:
- Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial nerve III)
- Abducens Nerve (Cranial nerve VI)
- Trochleur Nerve (Cranial nerve IV)
- Ophthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial nerve V)
1: Superior Orbital Fissure - Passage way for:
- Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial nerve III)
- Abducens Nerve (Cranial nerve VI)
- Trochleur Nerve (Cranial nerve IV)
- Ophthalmic Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial nerve V)
1: Foramen Rotundum - Passage way for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
1: Foramen Rotundum - Passage way for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
1: Foramen Ovale - Passage way for the madibulary branch of the trigeminal nerve
1: Foramen Ovale - Passage way for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
1: Foramen Spinosum - Passage way for the Meningeal Vessels of the trigeminal nerve
1: Foramen Lacerum - Passage way for the pharyngeal artery and the internal carotid artery
1: Carotid Canal - Passage way for the carotid artery
2: Foramen Lacerum - Passage way for the pharyngeal artery and the internal carotid artery
***Both carry the carotid artery
1: Carotid Canal - Passage way for the carotid artery
2: Foramen Lacerum - Passage way for the pharyngeal artery and the internal carotid artery
1: Laterial Plate of Pterygoid Process of the Sphenoid
2: Medial Plate of Pterygoid Process of the Sphenoid
1: Crista Galli of the Ethmoid - Helps anchor the dura mater
2: Cribriform Plate - Provides the tiny holes (Cribriform foramen) for the olfactory nerves
1: Crista Galli of the Ethmoid - Helps anchor the dura mater
2: Cribriform Plate - Provides the tiny holes (Cribriform foramen) for the olfactory nerves
1: Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid - Superior portion of the septum
2: Vomer - Inferior portion of the septum
1: Perpendicular Plate
1: Orbital Plate of ethmoid
1: Orbital Plate
List seven bones that form the orbital fossa
- Frontal
- Orbital Plate of Ethmoid
- Orbital Plate of Palantine
- Lacrimal
- Sphenoid
- Maxilla
- Lacrimal
- Zygomatic
1: Nasal
2: Lacrimal
3: Vomer
4: Inferior Nasal Conchae
1: Horizontal Plates of the Palantine
2: Palatine Process of Maxilla
1: Horizontal Plate of Palatine
1: Orbital Process - Part of the Palatine that forms the orbital fossa
1: Right Maxilla
2: Left Maxilla
3: Frontal Processes - Portion of the Maxilla that is between the Nasal and Lacrimal bones
1: Frontal Process - Portion of the Maxilla that is between the Nasal and Lacrimal bones.
1: Maxillary Sinus or Antrum of Highmore
1: Maxiallry Sinus
1: Palatine Process of Maxilla
2: Incisive Foramen - Passage way for the Nasopalatine Nerve
1: Infraorbital Foramen - Passage way for the infraorbital nerve and vessels
1: Alveolar Process - The points between the teeth
2: Alveoli - The sockets that the teeth are in
3: Alveolar Margin - Ridge of Alveoli along the L&R Maxilla
1: Angle of Maxilla
2: Condylar Processes or Mandibular Condyles - Articulates with temporal fossa to form the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
3: Ramus - Attachement point for muscles
4: Coronoid Process - Attachment point for muscles
1: Body of the Mandible - Spans from Ramus to Ramus
2: Mental Foramen - Passage way for the mental nerve and vessels
1: Alveolar Process - Points between the teeth
2: Alveolar Margin - Ridge along the mandible where the alveoli sit
3: Alveoli - Sockets in the mandible that the teeth sit in
1: Hyoid - Articulates with the Styloid Process; They are connected via the Stylohyoid ligaments and aides in swallowing.
List the bones of the nasal cavity
- Roof: Cribriform plate of Ethmoid
- Floor: Hard Palate
- Bridge: Nasal Bone
- Lateral Framework: Frontal Processes of Maxilla & Lacrimal
- Internal Walls: Inferior Nasal Conchae
- Septum: Perpendicular plate of Ethmoid & Vomer
1: Cervical Curve - 7 Vertebra (Secondary)
2: Thoracic Curve - 12 Vertebra (Primary)
3: Lumbar Curve - 5 Vertebra (Secondary)
4: Pelvic Curve - Sacrum & Coxax (Primary)
1: Body or Centrum
2: Pedicles - Connect the arch to the body of the vertebra
3: Laminae - Fuse together to form the Spinous Process
4: Spinous Process
5: Vertebral Foramen - Passage way for the spinal cord
1: Spinous Process
2: Inferior articulating processes - Used to articulate with other vertebra
3: Superior articulating processes - Used to articulate with other vertebra
4: Transverse processes
1: Spinous Process
2: Inferior articulating processes - Used to articulate with other vertebra
3: Superior articulating processes - Used to articulate with other vertebra
4: Transverse processes
1: Intervertebral Foramen - Passage way the runs perpendicular to the vertebral foramen and allows the spinal cord to branch off
1: Vertebral Foramen - Passage way for the spinal cord
2: Intervertebral Foramen - Passage way that runs perpendicular to the vertebral foramen and allows the spinal cord to branch off
1: Typical Cervical Vertebra
2: Typical Thoracic Vertebra
3: Typical Lumbar Vertebra
4: The Axis (C2 of cervical vert.)
5: The Atlas (C1 of cervical vert.)
6: Coccyx
7: Sacrum
1: Short, Bifid Spinous Process
2: Transverse Foramen - Foramen located in the transverse process
1: Transverse Foramen
2: Superior facets - Surface that articulates with Occipital Condyles to form the Atlanto-Occipital Joint; This joint allows the “yes” movement
3: Fovea Dentis - Articulates with the Dens of the Axis
***Lack of body
1: Dens or Odontoid Process - Articulates with the Fovea Dentis of the Atlas to form the Atlanto-Axial Joint; This joint allows for the “no” movement
2: Superior articulating surfaces - Articulates with Inferior articulating surface of Atlas;
1: Facets - Located on transverse processes for articulation with tubercle of rib and facets (T10 - T12)
2: Demifacets - Located on body for articulation with head of rib (T1 - T9)
What are the unique features of lumbar vertebra?
1: Larger body in Lumber Vertebra
2: Processes are more square like
1: Square Spinous Process of Lumbar
1: Coccyx - 3-5 fused bones
2: Sacrum - 5 fused bones
- 1st nine Thoracic vertebra have demi-facets because the head of the ribs contacts two vertebrae
- Thoracic ribs 10-12 have a single facet because the tubercle of a single rib articulates with a single vertebra
How many pairs of ribs are there?
How many and which pairs are called true pairs?
How many and which pairs are called false ribs?
Why are true ribs called true ribs?
What ribs share a connection to the sternum?
Which ribs are not connected to the sternum?
12 Pairs
The first seven pairs are considered true.
The last 5 rib pairs are considered false.
True ribs have their own cartilagenous connection to the sternum. “False” ribs do not have their own cartilagenous connection to the sternum.
Ribs 8, 9, & 10
Ribs 11 & 12; Called floating ribs
1: Head
2: Neck
3: Tubercle - Articulates with the transverse process
4: Body
5: Attachment point for costal cartilage
1: Angle
1: Manubrium
2: Xiphoid Process
3: Gladiolus (body)
Wormian or Sutural Bones - Bones that occur within a suture
