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Gastrointestinal > Histology Review: GI TRACT ONLY > Flashcards

Histology Review: GI TRACT ONLY Flashcards

1
Q

general structure for GI histology layers

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. muscularis externa
  4. adventitia serosa
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2
Q

layers of mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

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3
Q

plexus in the submucosa

A

meissner’s

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4
Q

plexus in between the longitudinal muscle and the circular muscle

A

myenteric/ Auerbach’s

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5
Q

4 functions of GI tract in general

A

Motility
Secretion
Digestion
Absorption

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6
Q

functions of the mucosal layer

A

secretion
absorption
protection

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7
Q

function of submucosa

A

provide blood and lymph, nerves and occasional glands

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8
Q

Muscularis externa functions

A

inner-decreases lumen diameter
longitudinal-propels contents shortening the tube
*rhythmic contraction produces peristalsis

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9
Q

what forms the sphincters throughout the Gi tract

A

inner circular muscle

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10
Q

epithelium in the esophagus

A

NON keratinizing SS

*like vagina

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11
Q

mucous glands in esophagus lamina propria

A

cardiac

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12
Q

esophagus GALT located in

A

Mucosa

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13
Q

esophagus submucosa contains

A

tubuloalveolar glands

secrete mucous into ducts

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14
Q

upper 1/3 of esophaugus

A

vagal-ACH controlled skelatal muscle

Voluntary?

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15
Q

lower 2/3 of esophagus

A

Vagal? ACH? SMooth muscle?

involuntary

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16
Q

stomach makes

A

chyme

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17
Q

GERD caused by

A

dysfunctional LES

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18
Q

four regions of the stomach

A
  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. body-orad-oxyntic
  4. antrum-pyrlorus-caudad
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19
Q

functional features of stomach lining

A
  1. rugae that dissappear with distention
  2. gastirc pits
  3. gastric glands
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20
Q

stomach epithelium

A

simple columnar

  • with goblet cells
  • know Barret’s metaplasia
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21
Q

forms the core of rugae

A

submucosa

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22
Q

Muscularis externa of the stomach

A
  1. inner oblique
  2. middle circular
  3. outer longitudinal
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23
Q

pyloric sphincter located?

A

pyloro-duodenal junction

-made from circular layer

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24
Q

“surface mucin cells” secrete

A

alklaline mucin

*protective

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25
Q

describe the surface of the stomach

A

surface mucous cells invaginate into LP to create gastric pits

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26
Q

below gastric pits in the LP is

A

gastric glands

*continuation of

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27
Q

where are regenerative cells for glands found?

A

in the isthmus between pits and glands

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28
Q

cheif cells make

A

pepsinogen

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29
Q

cheif cells located where in gastric pit?

A

the very bottom (basal basophilia)

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30
Q

secretory granules of cheif cells are

A

acidophillic

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31
Q

pareital cells secrete

A
  1. HCL

2. Intrinsic factor (V b12 absorption)

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32
Q

parietal cells most neumerous….

A

in upper pat of GLAND

-below isthmus

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33
Q

enteroendocirine cells found at——-and produce——

A

all levels

variety or Hormones

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34
Q

shape/color of parietal cells

A

triangles

-acidophillic (eosinophillic)

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35
Q

cell division restricted to

A

isthmus-stem cells

*some more up and become surface mucous cells some move down to become glands

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36
Q

time frame for surface cell regen

A

3-5 days

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37
Q

time frame for chief cell regen

A

3 months

38
Q

parietal cells live….

A

6 months

39
Q

diff b/w mammillated folds and rugae

A

mamm folds-mucosa only

*rugae=mucosa and submucosa

40
Q

H pylori trophic for which part of gastric glands

A

neck right below isthmus-in the stem cells

-accelerates proliferation of stem cells in neck during gastric carcinoma

41
Q

major sight of absoprtion

A

jejunum

42
Q

functions of Small intestines

A

mostly absorption also completion of digestion

43
Q

increase SA x 3

A

plicae circulares
core of submucosa
-like rugae but permanent

44
Q

Plicae circulares most common in

A

jejunum

45
Q

3 modifications of small intestine

A

Plicae circulares
Villi
Microvilli

46
Q

increase SA x 10

A

VILLI

47
Q

VILLIS ARE FINGER LIKE PROJECTIONS OF

A

MUCOASE

ALL THEE COMPONENTS

48
Q

IN MAKING VILLI-SURFACE EPITHELIUM HAS INDENTATIONS CALLED

A

INTESTINAL CRYPTS

CRYPTS OF LEPRACHAUN

49
Q

pathophys of Celiac disease

A

gluten sensitivity trigger immune system to damage or destroy villi
-no villi in small intestine

50
Q

no villi in Small intestine

A

celiac disease

-gluten intolerant

51
Q

inc. SA x 100

A

microvilli

52
Q

forms striated brush border

A

microvilli

53
Q

how do mirovillia function

A

contain actin-causes them to contract their terminal web-spreads them increasing surface area

54
Q

where are lacteal

A

in LP of villi in small intestine

55
Q

Small intestines have simple columnar epithelium composed of 6 cell types

A
  1. enterocytes
  2. goblet cells
  3. Paneth Cells
  4. M cells
  5. Enteroendocrine
  6. intermediate cells
56
Q

primary absorptive cell of the SI

A

enterocytes

57
Q

secrete H20 and electrolytes

A

enterocytes

58
Q

tall cells with well devloped brush borders

A

enterocytes

59
Q

apical portion contains mucinogen granules

A

goblet cells

60
Q

FOUND IN BASE OF CRYPTS

A

PANETH CELLS

61
Q

FUNCTION OF PANETH CELLS

A

SECRETE LYCSOZYMES-DIGESTS BACTERIAL CELL WALLS

-CAN ALSO KILL PROTOZOA

62
Q

REGULATE BACTERIA MICROFLORA IN INTESTINAL GLANSS

A

PANETH CELLS

63
Q

APC’s overlying lymphatic nodules

A

M cells

*eat cells and discharge them into underlying lymph tissue

64
Q

M cells ar unique in that

A

microfolds and not microvili

65
Q

stem cells in small intestinal glands

A

intermediate cells

*can become any type

66
Q

paneth cell life

A

4 weeks

67
Q

time frame for absoprtive and globet cells

A

4-6 days

68
Q

GALT is found in what layer

A

Lamina Propria

* so closer to lumen than the muscularis mucosa

69
Q

Peyer’s patches are characteristic of

A

Illeum

70
Q

muscularis mucosa in villi

A

fibers extend into villi and enable movement of villi

71
Q

Brunner’s glands in

A

duodenum

72
Q

glands specific to duodenum in submucosa

A

brunner’s glands

73
Q

Function fo Brunner’s glands

A

secrete alkaline to buffer acid from stomach entering duodenum

74
Q

peyer’s patches

A

illeum

75
Q

bruner’s glands

A

duodenum

76
Q

neither Bruner’s or peyers

A

jejunum

*will have plicae ciruclares

77
Q

function of large intestines

A
  • absorb water and electrolytes

- elimination of solid wastes and undigested food

78
Q

longitudinal layer of muscularis external in the large itestines

A

teniae coli

-three bands

79
Q

how to now you are in large intestines on histo

A 
WELL DEVELOPED GALT 
-no plicae circulares
-some infoldings 
no villi/microvilli
many straight tubular glands
80
Q

epithelum of large intestines

A

simple columnar

-same cell types as SI-more goblet cells and LACKS PANETH CELLS

81
Q

are paneth cells present in LARGE intestine

A

HELL NAW

82
Q

lymph vesssels in LI

A

non-therefore SLOW METS OF COLON CANCER TO THE LARGE INTESTINES

83
Q

APPENDIX HAS–

A
  • NO TENIA COLI
  • MANY LYMPH NODULES
  • USUALLY SHIT IN LUMEN
84
Q

surface mucous cell also know as

A

foveolar cells

85
Q

parietal cells are also called

A

oxyntic-acid secreting-also make inctrinsic factor for Vitamin B12

86
Q

abundant granular pink cytoplasm and secrete acid

A

oxcytnic/parietal cells

87
Q

found at the isthmus-and have basal nuclei and abundant mucin in cytoplasmic vacuoles above the nuclei

A

foveolar/surface mucous cells

88
Q

fundal mucosa normally has what cell types

A

BOTH oxyntic (pareital) AND chief cells

89
Q

antral mucosa will have what cell type

A

normally ONLY cheif cells

90
Q

cheif cells make

A

pepsinogen

91
Q

granular amphophillic bluish cytoplasm in the base of the gland

A

zymogenic (chief cells)

Gastrointestinal (9 decks)

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